Te mōhio ki te Pākehā BGA i ngā Hangarau Hiko o nāianei

I hangaia te pūhara BGA (Pākehā Awa Pōtae) hei tautoko i ngā hiahia e piki ana o ngā pūrere Pāka Kōatu teitei, i te mea e piki ana ngā tau o nga mōhiti, ngā taumata pūmana, me ngā whakaritenga I/O. Mā te whakakapi i ngā pito o waho ki te rārangi o ngā poi pokanga i raro i te pakeke, ka whakapaihia e BGA te mahi hiko, te whakawhiti pūmana, te whakawhiti pāmahana, me te whakawhānui pānga i ngā hoahoa pēnei. Ka whakamarama tēnei tuhinga i te hanganga, te tikanga whakahiato, te whanonga hiko, ngā āhuatanga pāmahana, ngā wero whakangao, me ngā whakaaro whakapumau e whai wāhi ana ki te whakamahi i ngā pakeke BGA i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko o te ao hou.

Kātā

Te tirotiro i te Pākehā BGA

I te pānui o ngā pūrere Pāka Kōatu mai i te LSI ki te VLSI, ā, ka neke ki te ULSI, ka mutu te pākehā e noho ana hei pupuni pāti ki ngā pōtae me te tīmata te whakaatu i ngā whakaritenga e pā ana ki te mahi. I īnoi te nui o ngā mōhiti pāka te whakaatu i te maha o ngā wero hoahoa i te wa kotahi. Ka mohiotia ēnei pānga i te wā e whakarewaina ana te whakamātautau, i te mea ka iti haere ngā mārgin whakahaere e pā ana ki te whakaaro.

Ka whakaōrite te Pākehā Awa Pōtae (BGA) ki ēnei pēhitanga mā te whakauru i ngā hononga hiko ki raro i te pakeke i roto i te mātiti e rua ngā rārangi o ngā poi pokanga, i te mea kāore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā pito o waho. Ko te kōwhiringa āheinga i tēnei o ngā pūnaha hanganga ka āhua huri i te huarahi e toro ana ngā pānga, me te pēhea ka tukuna pūmana, me te pēhea te pāmahana e puta ana i te poka amiorangi i runga i tāna huarahi ki te PCB.

Ko te pōtae mōhiti e tere ana i ēnei whakaritenga i te wa kotahi:

• Te nui I/O atu i ngā taputapu

• Te teitei i te pōturi i te taipō

• Te teitei i te pāmahana tino hāpai

Te Hanganga Matua me te pēhea e taea ai

Ko te BGA tikanga ka whai i te pūmau i te tīranga silicone e hono ana ki te pāmau (he mea māmā te kaiūta). I roto i tēnā pāmau, ka tohua ngā rārangi tukanga ki te whakahoki i ngā hononga poka ki waho, kia taea ai e rātou te noho ki runga i te rārangi poi pokanga i te mata i raro. Ko te pānui poi ka noho hei hononga ki waho o te pakeke ki te PCB.

I te wā o te whakahiato, ka whakaritea te BGA ki ngā pā PCB e hāngai ana, ā, ka hanga ngā hononga mā te whakapiri huri. I te mea e noho ana ngā whakamutunga i raro, ko te tikanga ka taea te noho ki ngā pokanga iti hei pai ake i ngā pakeke me ngā pito tāpui, ā, he mea rongo tonu ki te whakatau e te rārangi nui e pā ana ki te hanga e tāmoko ana.

Ko ngā hononga pārekareka e huna ana i ngā pakeke BGA ka piki te hira o te whakahaere tikanga. I muri i te whakapiri, kāore e taea te tirotiro tika ngā hononga, nō reira e tino whakawhirinaki ana te hanganga ki ngā pūkenga whakapiri, te pāmahana papato, me te hoahoa pā ki te pūrongo tika me te iti te whakaaetanga mo te whakarereke i muri mai.

Ko ngā āhuatanga tikanga ka whai wāhi ki te pātea i ngā BGA:

• Te whakahaere i te pāmahana whakahīhī

• Te tōkeke me te pēhanga o te PCB

• Te āhua pā me te whak定义 hoki

He aha te Pākehā Awa Pōtae e tehi ai te whakapai i te Mahi Hiko

Ka puta te painga hiko i te mea he āhua māmā: te whakakapi i ngā pito tōraro me ngā pānga hōhonu ki ngā hono poto, e teitei ana te teitei me te toitoi i te pānui rārangi. I ngā whakamātautau, ka kitea tēnei whakaheke i te kāinga e te pātea o te ruku me te āhuatanga, ā, ka taea te pā te puoro ki ngā pito pātea me te iti te pānga ki te whanonga e pōturi ana.

I roto i nga arotake hoahoa ia ra, ka pooti te BGA ki te “whiwhi i tana wahi” i nga ahuatanga e kore e te pakiaka te pamahi.

Nga waahi e mea ana ko nga hononga poto he mea nui:

• Nga interfaceti tere me nga tere pito tere me nga take whakahaere whakaata

• Nga ara tuku mana e taea te tango i te di/dt ka whakatairanga i te urutau ki te utu me te paheketanga

• Nga tohu kaha pea ka whakawhirinaki ki te mana whakahaere me nga ara hoki pakari

He akoranga whakahou mai i te reihi i te poari tere ko te pakeke he wahi kei roto i te kana, ahakoa ka mohio te raarangi. Ahakoa ka hono tika nga tohu PCB, ka taea e te pakeke ka tahuna te hapai ki te whakaheke i te huarahi o te karu, i te whare putea. Ko nga BGA ka hanga i tetahi whakawhitinga maama ki te poari, ina koa ka whakawhiti nga pōti mana me te whenua i runga i te ara e whakaroa ana i nga huarahi hoki ka wehea nga haruru whakawhiti i te wa kotahi.

He aha te painga o nga BGA i te whakawhiti I/O teitei atu i nga pakeke puoro

Ka tangohia nga pakeke puoro e te roa o te porowhita, no reira ka piki te tau I/O i te wa e pae ana te tinana. Ka whakamahi nga BGA i te pākiki teitei o te pakeke, no reira ka taea te pikinga o I/O tata mai i te pākiki i te mea kaore e peia te porowhita. Ka kitea tenei rerekētanga i nga wa ka piki te tau pin me te waahi poari e noho ana i nga rerenga.

Na te mea he ngawari te whakawhānui I/O, ka whiriwhiria ngā BGA hei tauira mo nga taputapu e whai ana i nga tau pin teitei me nga putea wehe wehe.

Ko nga kaiwhakamahi BGA rongonui:

• Nga taputapu mahara

• Nga kaiwhakamahi

• Nga FPGA

• Nga ASIC

I roto i nga hoahoa PCB tūturu, ka taea te whakaiti i te waahi poari katoa. Ka iti ake nga waahi ki waho e hiahiatia ana i te wa e whakamahia ana nga pokā taraka kukū, a, ka taea te tāpiri i nga huarahi whakawhiti ki nga taha me nga papa. Ko te hua ko te hoahoa ko te ahua kāore e “kuhu” i nga huarahi, ahakoa e hiahiatia ana te whakamahere pai o te poari.

Nga tikanga pāmahana: Ko te tango wera te tikanga kaipūkaha

Ka tukuna hei whiringa I/O nga BGA, engari ka waiho te ahua pāmahana hei whakatau i te wa e piki ana te whakarite mana. Ka taea e te wera te whakawhiti mai i te die i te whakarewa ki te PCB mā te hunga nui o nga pōti tawhito, ka waihanga i nga ara pāmahana maha. I roto i te mahi, ka taea e taua pāhoehe te waiho i te poari hei kaiwhakarato wera whai kiko atu i te mea i whakaaro i mua.

Ko etahi momo pakeke BGA ka waiho hei waahanga pērā i ngā pātuhi pāmahana i te whanga, ngā kaiwhakarato wera, me ngā kihini hei whakapai ake i te whakawhiti wera ki nga pūnaha pāmahana o waho. Kaore enei āhuatanga e huri i te hanganga pakari o te pakeke, engari ka taea e rātou te whakapai i te haumaru pāmahana puta noa i ngā pāmahana taiao rerekē.

Nga āhuatanga BGA e whakapai ana i te pāmahana:

• Nga pātuhi pāmahana i te whanga

• Nga kaiwhakarato wera integrated

• Ngā pātuhi i hangaia mo te pa ki te hiahanga wera

I roto i te arotahi taketake pāmahana, ka taea te tango he putanga pāmahana nui mā te whakapai ake i te kopa PCB i raro i te BGA, ngā planes, ngā rewa pāmahana, me te kāinga kāore e whanake. Ko taua tirohanga ka taea te waiho hei whakatārewatanga pōturi i te wā e hiahiatia ana i muri, engari ka piri ki te mahi i hangaia te pakeke: me pāhorotanga te hiahanga ki te poari hei tuhinga kaha atu i te katoa o nga rahinga, ngā taraka.

Te Whakatakotoranga ki a TSOP i roto i nga tono Mahara Auri

Te pākiki me te kōwhiringa i te Ra

Mo nga taputapu mahara me etahi atu taputapu rahi, ka taea e te BGA te tuku i te kaha teitei per wāhi poari nā te mea ka whakamahia e ia te taha katoa o raro o te pakeke mo nga hononga. I te taha ki te TSOP, ka taea te waiho i te taputapu fēnua i tetahi āhua iti ake, ā, e tino pai ana te whakahaere i te tere teitei nā te mea he wāhi pōturi.

Te Māori Te Whakamahi me te Tiaki i te Whenua

He rerekētanga hanga e pā ana ki te tinana i whakaatuhia e nga roopu hanga i te tere: ko nga whakarere TSOP ka tuwhera ka taea te whakarakeke, ka pakaru, i te wa e tango ana, i te wā e noho ana nga puoro BGA hei te whakamarumaru i raro i te hanga o te pakeke. Ko taua whakamarumaru hei whakaiti i etahi whakatārewatanga e pā ana ki te tango, engari ka whakawhiwhia hoki te tupono ki te whakahaere i ngā tikanga me te kaha whakamātautau.

Te Whakamātau me te Whakaara I ngā Arotakenga

Nā te mea e huna ana ngā puoro BGA, ka taea te whakawhāitihia te pūkete arotahi me te whakahoki. Ko nga roopu e kōwhiri ana i tēnei whiringa, ka whakaarohia kāore e tino ngā pānga hiko me te tempo, engari ko te hātepe e pa ana ki te whaitake i ngā whakaritenga hākona me ngā roanganga hātepe.

Ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana mō te aroturuki/rework BGA:

• Te aroturuki X-ray

• Te aroturuki Endoscopic

• Nga tikanga reballing me te whakahoki e whakahaerehia ana

Ko te BGA he pai ki te rongoā hei niho rārangi pūnaha, kāore e waiho hei reira tuhinga mo te pākeha. Ka taea te whakapai i te maia tohu, te whakawhānui i te pāka I/O, me te piki i te pā mahinga ki te PCB, engari e kitea ana ēnei kōwhiringa i runga i te hoko e tīmataria ana i te huinga e hāngai ana ki ngā whakaritenga.

Ngā Āhuatanga e hanga kē ana hei raro i te rautaki whakarite kotahi:

• Te pākiki BGA me te rautaki huarahi rere atu

• pcb tāpiri me te whakamahere papa tohutoro

• whatunga tohatoha hiko (PDN) te hanganga

• te rino pāmahana, ngā wāhi, me te tikanga pāmahana

Ina ka oti te co-design me te whakaaro nui, ka waiho te pōkai BGA hei tua atu i te whai i te rahi potae, ā, ka haere kē ki te pupuri i te āheinga i te wa e haere tonu ana te kaha silicon ki te pikinga i ngā momo interconnect tawhito.

Te Tāpare o ngā Pōkai BGA

I whakatūria ngā pōkai BGA (Ball Grid Array) hei kōwhiringa matua mo ngā taputapu teitei-I/O, teitei-āheinga nā te mea ka taea e rātou te whānui māna ki te piki i te tohu. I te tango i ngā pōkai QFP te huatau ka painga, kāore te pikinga BGA e piritahi ki te whakanui pēnei i te rahi potae pakari, e miere ana i ngā take āhua uaua e puta ana i te wā e tino pēnei ana te matū ki te hanga pakari. I te whakamahi hangarau taputapu, ko te painga matua kāore e pā ana ki te pikinga rahi potae noa, engari ko te āheinga ki te pikinga i ngā hononga I/O, i a rātou e pupuri ana i te mekameka hiahiatia, te hāngai pū, me te wāriu pāmahana.

I/O Te kaha me te whakauru kei runga

Te rahi pōti hei pūnaha hanga

Ko te rahi pōti BGA he nui tonu atu i ngā pōkai nāna i whakahau, ā, ka nui te whānuitanga e pā ana ki te pīlovita me te whakaheke i te pānga parahara parai. Ka pārekareka te rerekētanga e puta ana ka huri te kaupapa mai i te rahi whakaahua ki te putanga rahi: ka taea te whareherehere e tirohia ana i roto i te pokanga ka panga te pehitanga i te ngā kāinga maha, i ngā kaitirotiro, me ngā raro, kāore hoki, te whakauri anō i te unu BGA te mahinga e mau tonu ana i runga i ngā huringa i tenei kāripori tuku iho. Ka whakapakari hoki te hōtaka ki te whakakoi pāti ki te mirikari i ngā hononga puta noa i te takai, kāore e hūnuku hei ngā pūtau, e māmā ana ki te pikinga o ngā hanga e whai pūharmoni.

Ngā kerēme mō ngā tikanga e pā ana ki ngā papa pono

Nā te mea kāore e kitea ngā hononga BGA i muri i te reflow, e tino pā ana te whakapumau ki te ū o nga tikanga. Ka taea ngā āhuatanga iti pērā i te hoahoa stencil, te rahi pātae, te tika o ngā kōmaka, me te whakahaere te whakawhāiti e pā ana ki te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha. Ko te hunga e āta tirotiro ana i ngā tohu tuatahi e āta moe ana e pēnei ki te pūrongo i tetahi hōtaka i ngā mea e tāria mai ana e pēnei ana ka pērā hoki ki ngā matū i te pāti i runga i ngā ball pēnā kei rahi/whenua e hiahiatia ana, kāore, ka pōwhiri e ngā puoro kua whiti hei māori. Ko te pono ko te BGA ka raru i te mamae o te pāti pakari teitei, engari ka whakarato i te whakahaere pai me te mahere tirotiro whakaaro nui ina kei te piki te raru.

Te Mahinga Hiko i te Tere Teitei

Ngā huarahi interconnect whakatōpere me te paerewa

Mai i te tirohanga hiko, ka whakarato ngā BGA i ngā huarahi hiko me ngā huarahi whakaraka e iti ake atu ka noho paerewa i ngā whakahau kāore katoa. Ka whakaiti te geometry i te hēketanga hūmā e āwhina i te pupuri i te hēta pātea me te uara iti e pā ana ki te hēkarā. Ko te paerewa hoki ka āwhina i te whakaitihia te ngaro tiima i ngā whata tahi, e tērā e kiore atu ana ki te pikinga o ngā taha. I runga i ngā pūnaha teitei, ko te tāpae e pākiki ai kaore e hāngai ki te paerewa kāore e puta na i raro i te hiko e mau ana nāna e pā te hiko e huri ana e pā ake nei; ka taea e ngā wharangi BGA te tautoko i te pikinga, he nui ake te pāpāho i te ao I/O mai i te pānā e pā ana ki te pātea whakahurihia.

He aha te BGA he "māmā anō" i te tere teitei

I ngā wa e pikinga ana te pāpu, ka tupono te paratika ki te pātea mai i te hē-utu ki te pāti whakawehe e pā ana ki ngā pūhua e reri ana. Ka taea e ngā pōkai kōpū i te ahua kāore e hiahia ana ki te pākiki koia kāo, engari ko te pākiki e mōhiotia ana hei māmā ki te BGA, heoi ano. Ko te tikanga noa ki te kite i te whakau i te hoahoa kei reira i te kōhā hou kei roto i te pāti tōkeke, e paki i te ihi e pā ana ki te aua i kawea mai e pēnā ana ki te pātea, ka māmā, ā, ka itiake ehara i te māmā tāu. Ko te painga prakāra o ngā pōkai BGA ko te tohutahi hisana e pupuni e pai hōmairi ngā hononga.

Ngā Whakahaere Pāmahana me te Hiko

Te pāmahana e pā nei ki te panganga me te PCB

I runga i te pāmahana, e taea e te BGA te āwhakahaere te pāmahana i te pāmahana e pā ana ki te ngatata i te PCB, e āhei ana te poari ki te whai wāhi ki te pāmahana e whāinga ana ki te meka e mōhiotia. Mo ngā wāhanga hiko hōwhā, ko tēnei tikanga ka taea te mahi mēnā ka hoki mai ki te whakanoho tīki i te pāti pai me te pai i kōwhiria me ngā hanganga pāmahana kei runga. Ko te pāti o te PCB ki te spread pāmahana e tino pā ana ki te rahi rino, te wākoanga pā, te rahi waiho, me ngā pūnaha kaipū. Ka taea e te whakarato pāmahana i runga i te whakaaro i runga i te hanganga i te wāhi kotahi, kāore i te pai te tūranga i ngā pūnaha e whakamahia ana.

Ngā pokanga, ngā pāmahana, me te pāmahana whakaatanga mō te hiko nui

Mo nga taputapu kaha ake, he tikanga noa te taapiri i te tuanui, i te mea ko te pātea whakawhānui, ka pā ki te heatsink ā, i roto i te maha o nga punawai, te hau pakari. Ko te whāinga ehara i te mea ko te pupuri i te pāhotanga teitei i raro i te whakahaere, engari ko te pupuri i te pāhotanga kōwhiringa pūmau i raro i te uta hātekinokino e tū mai ana ko te mahi kei te noho mau tonu me ngā whakatau e noho ana hei pono. I roto i nga punawai CPU kaha, ko te mahi pāmahana ka whakatau i te nuinga e te hoahoa pūnaha katoa, kāore i te pā ki ngā whakaritenga heatsink anake. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te TIM pānga tutu, te pātea takai, te pehanga whakaū, me te whakawhāiti i te hau ka taea te pā kaha ki ngā hua pāmahana, ahakoa ka taea e te whakawehe i te pātea te āhua e tika ana.

Nga Āhuatanga Miihini me nga Hua Rautaki

Te ahua o te pākete me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga hangahanga

I runga i te tikanga, ko nga BGA he tauira he iti ake me te māngai i nga pākete pērā i nga anga taha rihita, hei tautoko i nga hua paku me te whakaiti i te pehanga e pā mai ana i te rahi waahanga. Ko ia tā, he māmā te pātea-ā-rāpaki, ā, kāore e hoatu kiri te pātea hei rākau: ko te pākete e tango ana i te wāhi e tata ana ki te rahi o tāna tinana, ā, me koino ngā hianga rorohiko mō ngā rāpihi pāruru, ngā tāpuke pūaho, me ngā pitonga whakaroā. I konei ka taea e ngā takanga te tiaki, ko te rahi o ngā pin e mihi ana ki te tautoko, engari ko te huarahi pehi ka tāpiri i te hoahoa ki ngā ara maha, te whakaū tā nga tikanga anō, me ngā āhuatanga HDI e kaha atu ana, a, kāore e rerekē taua pā mai i te tino iti i te wa e hoki mai ana te whakakahoki.

Te huarahi ka pahemo, ngā pitonga, me te hoahoa mo te tatou

Ko nga BGA me wao kākahu pāmamao te nuinga e whakanui ana i te rautaki pitonga e whakarite ana i a ia, kāore e te whakatikatika. Ma ngā pitonga huri, nāna Ico/plāne pitonga, me te pitonga i roto i te pātea rōri e haere mai ana me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga rerekē i te rahi, te mahi, te utu me te pākiki whakapakari. Ko te pitonga i roto i te pātea rōri ka taea te whakanui i te rahi o te ūkuī me te whakapai ake i te mahi pū, engari ka tango hoki i te uaua ki te hanga me te utu, ā, e pā ana ki te whakakī ki te whakanutuku me te papakanga kia kore ai e raru ngā he hanganga e painingia ana ki te mohio ki te hapai i a ia i te pō. Ko nga hua hoahoa pai ka kitea te nuinga i te teitei i enei whakaritenga i te tīmatanga o te kaupapa. Ko te kāingākau i ēnei whakataunga i te wā e tīpakohia ana e te huarahi ki ngā pā e mau ai e kīa ana ki ngā hoahoa túdo.

Te whakaaro rautaki Pūnaha: Ko te take i te BGA he "Papa," kāore he pākete anake

Mo nga CPU tino kaha, ka whakakotahi te whakamahi i nga whakatere BGA ki nga whakangungu wera whaihua, te pātea whakawhānui me te heatsink me te hau pakari, ki te pupuri i te pāmahana kōwhiringa i raro i te uta. I te whānuitanga, ko te BGA te mea pai hei whiriwhiri i nga whakaritenga hei hono i te whakangahanga, te hoahoa PDN, te pūmau o te pūnaha, te hangarau pāmahana, me ngā rangatiratanga hoahoa. Ko ngā hua ka kitea he pai ka tikanga mo te whakaritenga hei āta noho. E whiriwhiria nāna ko te tīpako i te rahi me te whiriwhiringa pākete me te mohio i ngā mahere o ngā tino pūnaha ko te koha ki te whakapau i a rātou i te wātea ki ngā kiheke i utu reiti.

Rarangahia te Pākete BGA

Ko nga pākete BGA e mōhiotia ana he mea whakarārangi i raro i te rua nui kaupapa, ā, ko te whiriwhiri i ēnei e tino he mea nui i te wā e hiahiatia ana ngā rōpū whakawhanake mō ngā āhuatanga tautoko me ngā mōrea whaitake.

• Rahi A: Te toporahi rārangi maka

• Rahi B: Pūtake/mātā te punaha + tikanga interconnect bū

I nga hanga ia rā, ko te rahi tuarua ka ki ana i nga putanga nāna ko te taputapu me te whakarite i te āhuatanga ō te pātea ki te hōtaka. A, ka pā te hiahiatia ki te pūtaiao, kāore e "kai katoa" nāna ko te pātea kaipōti; ka whakamātauria rātou te rahi o te wāhi ki te mōhio he hoahoa ka haere ki runga, me ngā kēmu, me ngā katoa.

He huarahi whaihua ki te ine i ngā whare BGA ko te tango i te kōwhiringa hei taurite whenua-rua kaua hei whakatairanga monomai. E rima ngā pūpūtanga eදීtụ mai ki te aruaru i te wārangi, te pokanga me ngā utu rārangi, inā ka oha ki ngā pito.

I roto i te hanga he ao, ko ngā momo BGA kitea Pākarito e pā ana ki ngā pūtake māmā, CBGA me ngā pūtake keremek, ko te FCBGA e whakamahi ana i te flip-chip i runga i ngā pūtake māmā, a TBGA me ngā pūtake tautoko i runga i ngā taekahi. He maha ngā kōrero e pā ana ki te rangatiratanga e pā mai ana ki ngā hiri e whai ake ana i te tikanga o ngā rārangi, ngā pātea, te rākei me te whakahaere rautaki. Na reira, ka whakamahi te kōwhiringa Pākete BGA i ngā pātea anake, engari hoki i runga i te aha e taea ai te hanga, whakamātauria, me te whakahaere i te wahanga tīpū.

PBGA Pākete (Plastic BGA)

PBGA e whakamahia nuitia mo nga hoahoa utu-iti ki te waenganui na te mea e whakawhirinaki ana ki tetahi papanga laminati organic (i te nuinga o te waa he hinu BT, he taiwhanga kara, he taputapu penei i te PCB) me te hononga taura paerewa. Ko te hanga ka tino maarama hei raupapa: ka hono te die ki te pito runga (i te nuinga o te waa me te whakakotahi epoxy), ka hono nga taura ki nga papa die ki nga whakapiri papanga, ka kapihia e te hinu whakakikorua te huihuinga, ka hono nga poi solder ki nga papa pito raro mo te hononga whakawhitinga i te wa e rewa ana te poari.

Ko nga whiringa metallurgical solder e whakarereke ana i nga whakaritenga mo te whakawhirinaki. I whakamahia e nga tauira tawhito te eutectic SnPb; e paingia ana e nga hanganga contemporary nga alloy SAC kore-raukatia mo nga take whakaritenga me nga tuhinga. Ka pa tenei huringa ki te pakari o nga hononga me te whanaketanga fatigue, na reira ka taea e te foranga taua te whakarereke i nga kawa rererangi o te wa e hoahoa ana, ki te whakamahia nga rauemi me nga whakaahua hei whakahuri.

PBGA he tauira te ahua o te hanga pai na te mea kei te urutau ki nga whakaritenga OSAT mōhiohio: e mohiotia ana nga papanga organic, he pai te whakakikorua i te rahi, a he pai te waahanga taura raupapa i te kaha e mīhihia ana. I roto i te maha o nga rārangi hua, ka noho a PBGA hei papanga noho pai ka pa ki nga whāinga hiko e whanui ana, a ka hiahia te rōpū ki te whakaitihia te hua i te wa e kore e roa te pāti mātauranga.

Ko tetahi atu painga nui ko te pūnaha whakawhanaketanga pakeke. Ko te wheako whakamatautau o naianei, nga korero tautoko mai i nga kaiwhakarato, me nga raraunga whakaputa i mua e awhina ana i te whakaiti i nga raru e kore e tatarihia i te wa e piki ana te whakaputanga.

Ko te ngoikoretanga pūkara o PBGA ko te tango moenga i roto i te hinu whakakikorua me te papanga organic. I te wa e tirohia ana te ora i te papa, ko nga whakahōungia whare, i te mea ka hinga te rahi o te taura e pa ana ki nga pātū ki te whakawera, ka tere te whanui o te moenga i te wa e rewa ana me te whakaohooho i te takahi, te pakaru (“popcorn”). Ko te waahanga pātea, mai i te tirohanga whakahekenga, ko te tikanga ko tenei āhua ka honoa pea ki te hitori whakahaere atu i te tohatoha reflow, na reira ka taea te whakawhirinaki i te ahua ke i te wa e rehita ana te ara hapori.

Ko te whakawhirinaki o te mara ka riro mai i te pokanga CTE i waenga i te kete organic, nga hononga solder, me te PCB. Ko te whakawhiti i te pāmahana, te pākiki, me te hapa/hū i te maunga e tino pā ana ki nga hononga ki waho, ka kitea ko nga wahi kokonga e riro ana i te raru āheinga. Ko nga whakatau āhua Tītipa e pa ana ki te ora ka huri i nga wā kaipōti e whakaarohia he ngoiko i te wa e whakaritengia ana: ko te rahi/nua o nga poi, nga tauira peita o nga porowhita kokonga, me nga pānga rīki o te poari kāore e pā ki ngā taumata o te rauemi.

Ko tetahi tirohanga e pa ana ki te tūturu i te mahi ko te whakahaere i te whakawhirinaki PBGA hei kaupapa co-design poari - pakeke. Kāore i te kinokino i ngā pakage, engari ka riro mai i te mea he māmā te PCB, kei te pākiki, kei te tūpono ki ngā pokanga, ngā hononga, nāna nāna, nā te mea e whakauru ana ki te tāangata.

Ko nga rōpū e pupuri ana i ngā whariu PBGA e iti ana, ka tuki ngana ki ngā mahi pai i te raina e taea te ine me te tirotiro i te mea kāore e waiho hei whakaaro. Ko nga whakaritenga e pātata ana ki te moenga e kitea ana hei: te mohiotia hanganga MSL e mātotti ana, ko nga tirohanga o te makete mokamoka i te tiaki, te rehita i te wa e noho ana, me nga ture kaha e hono ana ki te wa me nga ahuatanga i te mea kāore e pēra ana.

Ko nga tikanga whakahaere me te tauranga kaiwhakauru e pa ana ki te whakau i nga tauira poi ki te rahi o te PCB me nga whakaritenga hui, te arotake i nga punaha pākiki me nga pupuri, ana me te hanga i nga whiringa raro ka riri hei wāhanga o te hātepe hua.

Ka raruraru nga whakaritenga, kāore e pātai te tāutanga ki te mauru e pā ana ki nga take kāore e taea te rapu i te rōpū e tāmau ana ki nga raru e kawe i te pā .

CBGA Package (Ceramic BGA)

CBGA ka waiho te die i runga i te papanga keramik multi-īrere ka akina i tetahi pepa kua kati e tata ana ki te whakaata hermetic. Ka whakamōhiotia e te keramik te whakatutuki i ngā hātepe pūmau, te whakaaetanga pāmahana teitei, me te mau i nga ōhākī hiko e noho pūmau nāna nāna he pā ka kāore te pā. He maha nga hoahoa CBGA e whakamahi ana hoki i nga poi solder o te pāmahana teitei, a ka taea e nga punaha hū/whakakāti kei te rere ke mai i te pāmahana i ngā whainga.

Ka nui ake te whakapanguru o CBGA i nga pākiti kirihou, e whakaiti ana i te raru o te akiaki teweke me te whakaiti i nga raru poukō e pā ana ki te rōpū. Na reira ka whakarato ki a ia i nga hātepe whakawhirinaki, pāmahana teitei, me nga horopaki ora tino; e whakarite ana ko te kaupapa e ū ana.

I te wa e kite ana nga hui e noho ana i te wera mo te wa, ka whakahiatohia te whakatū i te mea hei painga matua: kāore e tino painga ngā whakairinga, ka noho he āhua hiko e pērā i te pāmahana hei pāmahana, e whakanui ana i nga āhuatanga oranga hei painga ki ngā raru e hono ana ki ngā paanga e pā ana i te wā e pā ana ki.

Ko te kawenga o te keramik me te CTE iti ka piki te pēhanga i ngā taura solder i te whakauru ki ngā PCB époxy-girā whakaritenga. I raro i te whakawhitiwhiti pāmahana, ka taea te kōwhiri i te hapa, ka poipoi te taura mēnā kāore te hononga i hanga ki te whakaaro mō te pātea.

Ko ngā wāhanga whakaiti ka puta mai i te huinga maramara mōhio:

• Teitei me te taumata o te poi

• Te whakawhānui o te taurangi

• Te whakakore i ngā pito i ngā kokonga

• Ko ngā kōwhiringa hononga e pā ana ki te pou, hei tauira, ngā pou CCGA i te mea ka nui te pātea

Ko te tirohanga e whakahoki mai ana i ngā mahi tōrangapū mō te pono o te papa he mea nui, kāore e pā mai te keramik ki ngā hononga solder. I ētahi kirawa, ko te tauira e ārai ana ko te hononga PCB me tōna āheinga ki te whakarereke haumaru, kāore ko te whānau o te pakeke o te keramik.

Ko te CBGA ka kawe i te utu nui ake mō ia taputapu me te pūnaha kaipōti iti atu i ngā BGA organik. Kāore te kōrero utu e pā ana ki te taurangi; ka kitea hoki ā muri ake i ngā tikanga whakauru, ngā kōwhiringa tirohia, me ngā whakamaheretanga whakawa.

I te wā e kōwhiri ana te tīma i te CBGA, ka ngawari te haere mēnā ko te whakatau e hono ana ki te whakaritenga taiao mārama, ā, ki te noho i tētahi pānga wātea kua tatau. Ko te koho i "te pāka pai" kāore e puta awhiawhi tonutia ki te hua pono mēnā kāore e waihohia hei tuhinga mo te hononga PCB, te rautaki pātea, me ngā whakangāwari whakangahau.

Pāka FCBGA (Flip-Chip BGA)

Ka huri te FCBGA i te pōtu ki te taha raro me te hono i te taurangi organik mā te whakamahi i ngā pīriki solder (C4/flip-chip). Ka whakakorehia ēnei hononga waea roa me te whakaiti i te ara hiko, ka whakaiti hoki i te pungawerewere me te pāmahana. Ko te painga prakiki ko te whakapakari i te tuku hiko me te pono o te tohu, ina koa ka tere ngā mata me ngā painga wā.

Ka tukuna te underfill i waenga i te pōtu me te taurangi hei horoi i ngā pēhanga pāmahana-mea, hei whakaiti i te wera pāhi, me te whakapakari i te whanonga pāki. I te mahi hanga tūturu, ka whakatau te kōwhiringa underfill me te whakahaere tikanga mēnā ka mōhiotia e te flip-chip he whānui, he ngoikore rānei.

E kitea ana he maha ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga ka taea te whakahau i ngā putanga: te hāngai viscosity, te hiahia kūare, te pūnaha rongoā, me te whakahoahoa ki ngā toata rōpū me ngā waewae horoi. Ko te tauira he mea rawa atu e āta pupuni i ngā whakaroa, he tango e ngā waka kohatu, kāore i te tīahoahohe te ahuatanga tākaro tuhinga i te wa e pā ana ki ngā pā hōu, i raru i te hiahia ki te whakaiti i ngā ratonga solder.

I te rahi o te PBGA kāwire, ka tautoko te FCBGA i te rahi teitei o te I/O me ka taea te whakaiti i te rahi taurangi nāna i te waahine e waia ana. He mea nui tēnei kāore e taea te rahi o te taura, ā, kāore e taea e te hononga PCB huri ko te aunoatanga te utu.

Ko te painga e hiahiatia ana ko te whakatau, ko te ara hiko he poutū, he āwaro, e māmā ake te whakahaere wā me te whakamātautau mana hiko i ngā hanga, ngā kāwa, me ngā kaiwhakarato. Mō te tīma e ngana ana ki te karo i ngā whakaaturanga SI/PI i ngā wā whakamutunga, ka kitea tēnei te tatūrangā kāore hei āheinga.

Ko te pāmahana pūmau e kaha ana, nā te mea ka taea e te wera te rere mai i te pito o te pōtu ki runga i te uhi/whakapōtanga wera, me te kawe atu ki te wera puku, ā, ko te wera atu e whakarato ana i te taura ki te papa. Mō ngā taputapu kaha, he mea kete tēnei.

Ahakoa kāore kua huri haere te rongoā pāmahana hei waahanga o te pono: ko te kounga o te uhi, te kōwhiringa TIM, me te uta i te puoto pātea i te pāngia te pārai i te wa e pā ana ki te kaupapa hōhonu kē, kāore e rite ana ki te pānga ki ngā pōtu solder.

Pāka TBGA (Tape-Based BGA)

Ko te TBGA he whakamahi i te tauraa pākīpiki e pāngia ana, he pata hiko pātea me ngā tōpuni ki te rārangi kākā, me ngā pānga pātea. Ko te painga tino kitea ko te iti o te rahi, he pai nei i te wā e pāngia ana te taumata z. I ngā hoahoa kawekawe kaihoko, ka taea e te TBGA te whakaawe i ngā tuhinga hangarau e riri ana, kāore ka taea e ngā huarahi pākīpiki rahi atu.

I runga i te hanganga tauraa me te hangarau tākai, he āta whakaohooho hoki te pūnaha taātaki ki te pāmahana me te pāmahana nui atu i te keramik me ētahi atu hangarau taunga. Kāore he āhua tūmatanui i te atu ki te whakahaere.

I te wairua, ka whai wāhi te mana whakahaere i te āhua wetewete, te ngā āhuatanga rokiroki, me te pīra punaha rairaki ngaro hei uhunga, kaore e pēnei i te whakaaro i ngā hanganga e kiia ana hei kāwanatanga ātaahua, kāore e noho ana i nga pehu. Ko nga tikanga whakamātautau e kiia ana e pupuni ana i te taha āhua o te taiao ka tere pea te raru o te whakakotahi kāore e mau i te pāmahana i whakamahia.

Na te mea ka taea te pātea TBGA te heke iho i te taumaha me te whakaatu i ngā whanonga rerekē o te pakari, ka taea e te whakawhānui i te wā reflow te noho he uaua atu i ngā pātea teitei ake. Ka kitea haere tonu te tika o te tāutanga, te whakahaere i te coplanarity, me te whakahaere i te warpage hei whakaritenga mō te huarahi ka putanga whakaoti.

Ko ngā tīma e tukuna ana i te TBGA i te angitu ka tino whakatika i te pūtake reflow ki te whakataurite i te whakakī, te whanonga void, me te pātea whakarere, ā, ka whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga i runga i te āhua o te papa tuhinga, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki tetahi "papa koura" kotahi e huna ana i te rerekētanga.

Ka taea e te TBGA te heke iho i ngā rongoā kerāmika i te utu, engari ko te pātea pono ka tino whakawhirinaki ki te whiriwhiri i te rauemi taape, te noho pēnei o te pūhiko, me te whakahaere i te moisture. Ka māmā ake te whakatau i ngā kaupapa ka tango i te TBGA hei whakautu ki te ngāwari me ngā whāititanga integreating, me te whakatū i te pātea pono mā te whakamātautau e pā ana ki te pūtake.

Ko ngā mahi whāki tikanga ka kōrerohia ko:

• Te huringa ikarangi

• Te pāpāho o te pāmahana

• Te tāruarua, te whakakeke.

Ko te akoranga ka taea e ngā tīma whai wheako te āta whakauru ko te TBGA kāore e waiho hei whakahuatanga i te PBGA. Ka phahamā te mahi e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere i te whakahaere, ā, ka taea e ia te whakawhiwhi i ngā whakaū e whakaaro ana he taunga kotahi ka rīpene te whanonga kotahi ka tae ki ngā huringa pā ērā e pā ana ki te tukanga.

BGA Package Process Flow

Ko te pārūtaki BGA e tautoko ana i te tino nui i ngā tāutanga taputapu me ngā pere ko ngā e pā ana ki te whakahaere i te pā me te whakahaere i te hiko me te paerewa. Ko te whakahaere i te whiriwhiri i te pārūtaki hei kōwhiringa rauemi anake ka hanga raru i mua i ngā pānga i waenganui i te hoahoa, i te hanga, me te hui e pā ana ki te kounga o te whakaputa.

Ko ngā kōrerorero whiriwhiri ka huri haere i te taha nekehanga, engari ko te mea tūturu ko ēnei whanonga e pā ana ki ngā huringa me ngā kaiwhakarato. He tikanga hoki te mohio ki te whai āhuatanga e taea ana te mārama i te wa e heke iho ana te mīharo o te puoro kotahi ki te whārangi i te wā e whakawhiti ana te rerekētanga o te papa.

Ko ngā whāinga whiriwhiri e mau mai ana:

• Te pāmahana hinu mo te huringa i te wā e noho ana

• Te pāmahana iti i te pāmahana ki te aukati i te huinga totoko me te pāmganga i te pā

• Te uurunga i te rahi mō te whakahaere i te warpage me te coplanarity pōtae

• Te kopaki ki te pāmahana dielectric kia whakaiti i te pānga e ngaro ana me te taura i runga

• Te pāmahana dielectric e whakahaerehia ana (Dk) me te tangānga kāhore (Df) mo te hononga tere e taea ana

Ahakoa he hoahoa pai te whakaatu ka waiho hei ara i runga i te kaha o te whakakōpū e kaha ana te tu me te rahi. Te wahi pōraru ko ēnei wāhi he maha nga "i ngā paerewa" tae noa ki te hui i te pōrangi.

Ngā wāhi kua pāngia e te pātea e ora ana i te pāteka me te Ōrau:

• Te pūmanawa o te huinga (te awhi a te pā) (te pakaru tyre, ngā void ka rākau)

• Te pūmano/warpage e whakamāramatia ki ngā papa me ngā teihana o te papa

• Te hapa pumau i te rākau

• Te whakahaere i te poke (ngā toenga ionic, ngā kiri organic)

Ka tū kāore ēnei take i a whakataunga kātahi ka pā atu me tetahi patunga whakamīrā. Ka whakanui ana, ka kitea me he pānaha tērā, ā, ka taea te noho mutu ki nga raru e te whakamahi ana i te wā e hiahiatia ana te ara hei hono ki te hitori tukanga.

Ngā tohu hapa e āta tua atu:

• Ngā pāhana whakaū

• Te kaore i te kī

• Te Upoko-a-te-pillow

• Te ngenge i mua i te huringa ikarangi me te pāna ki te kaupapa

He ara pai ki te whakaahua i te tukanga e whakararu ana ko te wehewehe i ngā mahi e hanga ana i ngā hononga mai i ngā mahi e pā ana ki ngā hononga. Ka taea te hanga hononga ki ngā raru ka tūpono ki te pūāriki ka taea te whakatū i muri i te whiriwhiringa e ngā āhuatanga kāinga nekeā e hiahiatia ana te poke. I te taha o te hanga tukanga, ko te whakahaere i te pūngao e kore e mate, e pēnā ana te pukukata i mua i te pātea kōpū, me te pupuri i ngā mata hei inihua i ngā pukukata kāore e painga e pā ki te tohu.

PBGA Whāinga Pātea

Te Whakatikatika i te Pārūtaki me te Patahitanga

Ka tīmata te whakaputanga PBGA i te kaupapa o te pātene: te pākiki i hanga mai i te upoko dielectric me te pokanga parahi. Ka tāpiritia ngā pātene parahi ki te pū, kātahi ka hanga ngā kakau hononga mā ngā microvia i tāria i ngā huihuinga i te huinga rorohiko. I muri i te whakauru, ka tango i te whakakāinga e tango ana i ngā toenga hīnaki, ka hanga i ngā kōhatu e hāngai ana ki te pāna ki te puke. Ka pāngia te āhuatanga a te circuit mā te whakaahua me te pānga i te wāhi e rua.

Ko te moko tātearoha e whakamahia ana me ngā tuwhera e whakaritea ana ki ngā papa poka, ā, ka tīpakohia me te whakahaere i te kanohi pātea hei whakatau i te solderability, te tuāwhiwhi taura (i te wā e tika ana), me te whakaora i te kōpuku hei whakahaere i te roanga me te whakamahi. Ko te mahi e whānui ana (taputapu maha) hei hiki i te putanga me te whakaiti i te utu i ia wahi, e huri ana i te maha o ngā whakatau "iti" ki ngā raru i te pae-papa, ina hoki ko te whanonga warpage, te hapa rehita, me ngā pānga pātea tēnehi.

Ngā kōwhiringa kanohi pātea pūmau:

• ENIG

• ENEPIG

• OSP

E whakaatu ana te wheako whakaputa he mehua tatū pātea pai kāore e kāore e tuku ana i te kei nga toro! Ko te warpage me te rehita ihirangi kaore e rerekē i te tuunga pae, te tohatoha porewa, me ngā tikanga lamination. I runga i tēnei take, ko ngā tepe tikanga ka noho pea ki ngā wāhi panel tino ngaro i ngā atu paerewa hei āwhina i te whakapūmau he i ngā kāpeka pae.

Te Waihanga Taurangi Tauanga

Ko te tikanga whakamahi PBGA e kōrero ana:

• Te mōhio ki te pātea i te wā e hiahiatia ana

• Te hātepe

• Whakapiri die, e whakamahi ana i te epoxy pūnāhua hiri hiri

• Te horoi, te whakaritanga rīhi hei whakaiti i ngā tikanga me te whakakino pātea

• Te taura taura ki te whakamahi i te taura Au, te taura Cu i runga i te utu, te whanonga kōpuku, me ngā taumata āhua whakawhirinaki

• Te āwhina i te whakamau mēna e mōhio ki te whakakino me te aukati wai

• Te whakauru pokepoke mā te whakatū i ngā pokepoke ki ngā papa hua mō te flux

• Te hoki mai hei waihanga ngā hononga solder me te whakatū i te teitei pokepoke

• Te tohu

• Te wehewehe

• Te tirotiro me te whakamātautau hiko

• Te paki

Ngā Tūāpapa Kīanga Me Ngā Mēnenga Pātea Mōrearea

• Te tika taura: te whakahaere i te teitei hūhā, te āhua ngoikore heel-crack, ngā pae tirotiro/pakaru, me te pātene metallurgy ka āhei ki te whakatinana. Ko te taura Cu ka taea te whakaiti i ngā utu me te whakakaha i te kaha electromigration, engari ka hira mai ki te tūtohu pātea me te pokanga horoi i te wā e titi ai.

• Te whanonga o te whakairoiro: ko te mokitoro, te tere taura i te wa e whakawhirinaki ana ke kāre e tino pā ki te kēhi tawhiti. Ko ngā mokitoro iti e tērā pea e āta whaitake ana ki X-ray e taea ana e te huri hei ara mo te wai, hei whakarite i te ariā, ka waiho ngā rōpū e tino mōhio ana ki ngā hoko mokitoro e hangai ana i te wāhanga rerekē.

• Te whakahaere i te āhua o te wai (MSL): te hīraua wharenoa, te whakahaere i te whakahau, me ngā kaupapa hono e pā ana ki te pēnā te wai e tāpiritia ana ki ngā taura organane me ngā whiras wehi i mua i te hātepe. I te wā e pīkoko mai ana te wai, ko te pā e puta mai ana ka pā karu ki te kita ki te kāpeka i te mea he uaua ki te huri me ngā whakamahinga mō te tango e pā ana ki te rārangi hiko.

• Te pūhiko pokepoke me te warpage: ko te mokitoro pokepoke he wāhi e mahia ana ko te warpage i te timatanga hei raru i te kaika pakihi. Ko te whakahaere i te pā, te hōhonutanga hemo, me te whakahaere i te rahi paerewa ka raru te awhina i te wā e whakahaere ai mo te hāngai o kākahu e tono ki！

• Te whakamahere mo te reflow me te āhua: ko te pā o te oxidation, te whakauru pātea, me te whakaaro hūhā e pā pēnei ana i te mahana, te wā teitei i runga i te whakarahi, te pā whāiti o te pākete whāiti o ngā rārangi. Ko ngā rerekē iti i te whānuitanga e pā he āhua kāre e tērā pea ka pā rerekē i te hui i te hononga ki te pākete e rere ana i waenganui i ngā grupū.

I roto i te maha o ngā rārangi hua, ko te pipiri o te PBGA ka pai te tupono whakahihiko i te wā e whakatika ana te tikanga ki te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga i te wahanga ka pēnā. Ko te whakaiti i te pāi o te warpage me te pokanga horoi ka puta i te pā rere o te rongoā i ngā whakatutuki e tukuna ana i ngā akomanga tika, me tino pea te tōka hei tangata E whakamiharo i ngā hinga i roto i ngā wā.

FC-CBGA Te Whakauru

Te Pūtahi Kapuni me ngā Kōwhiringa Utu

FC-CBGA e whakamahi ana i te pūtahi whare keramik matatika-ki. Ko ngā pepa keramik e toru e hono ana ki ngā āhuatanga metallurgy, katahi ka kohi ki te nei hei whakapakari. I muri i te tapahi, ka pupū na mātou i ngā tikanga metala, ngā whakatakotoranga, me ngā hapa heihanga ko ngā rārangi whakakā e mōhiotia ana.

Ko te hātepe mō te whakairo e tautoko ana i te whakakā o ngā rārangi karaihe me te āta tiaki i te pā , engari ko te rahi me te utu ka riro pea e te nui o ngā mamae e pā ana: te mōhio ki te pā, te rehita ki ngā pā, me te whakahaere papatahi. Nā te mōhio ko te pūrua, ko ngā huringa iti i te papatahi ka kawea pū e ai ki te tihi o te hātepe me te whakauru, e taea ana ki te hanga i te pā i ngā putanga ki te kāpeka kā pu mātai i te wā.

Ko ngā rihi me ngā whakamahi ka tūpono:

• Te pā moe

• Te rehita i waenganui i ngā pā

• Te whakahaere papatahi

I roto i te whakaputa o ia ra, ko te pai o te rārangi he rite ki te whakarahi te hua. He rerekē te rārangi e pā ana ki te rukuhia mai i te tirohanga ka taea te huri i muri i ngā kōwhiringa pāmahana, ā, ka pā atu tēnā ki ngā tīma e whakaaroa ana he pono ka purihia te piu. Nā reira, e maha ngā rārangi e whai ana i te pai i ngā wāhi tirotiro maha, kaua e whakawhirinaki anake ki te ine mai.

Te Mahere Otinga Huringa

Ko te whakaritenga o te huringa FC-CBGA he:

• Te pehi pateko, te tuku i te pehi hiri me te whakawhitinga

• Te tapahi

• Te whakaritenga flip-chip me te whakawhitinga mō te hono i te paha ki te rārangi

• Te tuku me te rongoā i te whakakī mō te whakakaha i te pātea me te tohatoha pāpanga

• Te tono i te hiri

• Te hono i te pū o te upoko mō te tiaki me te horahanga pāmahana

• Te hono pātea, ki waho

• Te whakawhitinga

• Te tohu

• Te wehe

• Te tirotiro me te whakamātautau

• Te tāpae

Ko te Arohaehae o te Whakaū: Te Whakatakotoranga CTE me te Whakahaere Pā

Ko te wero nui he rerekētanga i te āheinga o te whakawhānui pāmahana i waenganui i te silicon, te keramik, me te PCB époxy-玻璃. Ko tēnei rerekētanga e whakaputa ana i te raru pāmahana i ngā pātea me ngā pōtae hiri, kāore e tino pānui te hoko ki ngā kokonga o te wāhanga. Ko te mahi auaha, kāore e pā ana ki te tango i te pā, engari ko te whakakāhuri i te mea e haere ana te pā me pehea te tere o te pānga e whakaekea ana i te huringa kaupapa.

Ngā rautaki awhina e whakamahia ana:

• Te whakaritenga hoahoa pōtae

• Te paerewa hanganga

• Te engineer i te whakakī

• Te whakakotahi i ngā rauemi i te pūnaha

• Te whakahaere i te ara pāmahana me te hono upoko

He tārua, e rongoā ana ko te whakakī pai ko te mea kāore e mōhiotia ana ko te tino pākiki, ko te mea kei te pīka te nama whakanui. Ko ngā whakakī he pākiki rawa ka taea te huri mai i te raupapa ki te pito o te pāha me ngā wāhi riri, ā, kātahi ka taea te whiwhi e te huringa pātea kairangi. Ko te kōwhiringa e mau mai ana ki te wāhi pai ko te mea e whakamāmā ana i te pūnaha pāmahana i te katoa o te huringa pāmahana me te noho i runga, ahakoa ka taea te mea kāore e tino riro.

Ko te Huringa Pākaka TBGA

Ka tīmata te TBGA ki te tuhinga polyimide. Ka tukuna te kōpae, ā, ka waihohia, me te whaikiko Ni/Au ki te tautoko i te pātea hoki me te tuhinga. Ka whakaputahia ngā rārangi e te whakapāinga, te tākai, ka tangohia te hiri tauira ki te whakauru.

I ngā hoahoa e whakarōpū ana i te paipa whakawera, ka taea te whakapiri i te tuhinga ki te paipa i mua i te hiri whakamutunga. Ko tēnei whiriwhiri e pā ana ki te pākiki, me te ritiro pāmahana, me te whakawai i te pānā i te wāhi huringa, ā, ka taea te whakarereke i te heke o te pōtae e ki ana ki ngā huringa whakawhitinga.

Ko ngā hanganga e pā ana ki te taraiwa rahi ki te kōwhiri i te pona hiri me te pānui rahi. Ko ngā huri rahi i te nekehanga hiri, tana pūnaha me ngā ahuatanga rīhita ka taea te huri i te rahi o te hiri, te whakatakoto i te taunakitanga, me te riri mōrahi ki te roa-katoa, he rōrī e kāore e kitea ki ngā tīma i te wā tuatahi e rere ana ngā tikanga rokiroki i waenga i ngā huringa marangai me te nui.

Ko te whakaritenga o te huringa TBGA he:

• Te whakamāmā o te rārangi

• Te tapahi

• Te kāwhina

• Te horoi

• Te hono i te wai

• Te whakamarumaru i te hanganga mō te pākiki i te pāmahana

• Te whakamōhioti mō te ngongo ki te pūmau i ngā porongorongo

• Te pātea

• Te whakawhitinga

• Te tohu

• Te wehe

• Te tirotiro me te whakamātautau

• Te tāpae

Ngā Risk Matua i ngā Hanganga Pākiki

• Te pāka hiri me te whakawhānui rahi: ka pā ana ngā hanga ki te hītori pāmahana me te pāna ki te wai, ā, ka mōhio te kawe, e mau mai ana i te hiahia ki te pāpā e māmā ake ana i te huringa o ngā rārangi pai.

• Te pāpā o te hiri: ko ngā wāhanga roa i te pāmahana teitei ka taea te huri i te pūnaha hiri me te pāna i te pāmahana. Ka noho pea tēnei whakamāori ki te tari hei painga ki te huringa i te mākū.

• Te pāna i te mākū ki te riri: he pai te whakahaere i te polyimide ki te pāmahana, engari ko te hiri me te paanui ki te mākū e whakahaere ana i te whakamāori i te wā whakawhitinga, me te nui pea ka oko ki ngā huringa pāna.

• Te pāka hiri i ngā pōtae: i roto i te pātea i te rahi, ka taea te huri i te rahi o te rārangi ki te he pāna i ngā poti, e piki ana te pātae e mahue atu ana i te māmā me te ngongo i te pānga.

Ko te akoranga e mau mai ana i te whakaputanga TBGA he mea ko ngā hua whakamutunga he pā ana ki ngā mōhiohio i te tukanga ka taea te karo i te wā e whakamahere ana. Ko te whakahaere i te hiri, te whakahaere i te pāmahana, te wā i waenga i te ānau plasma me te ngongo, me ngā tikanga whakahou e pā ana ki te pāka te huringa i te rahi me te pānui.

Whakamutunga

Te whakapai ake a BGA i te hoahoa hiko hou na te tautoko i teitei I/O te kikī, ngātahi hiko poto, whakawhiti pāmahana pai, me te mahi tere more āta noho pūmau i te whakataurite ki ngā pūhoko toku i mua. Nā nāna e pā mai ana i te hanganga kāri poihahi me te tata ki te whakakotahi i te pūhiko me te PCB. Heoi anō, kei runga hoki i te whakahaere tukanga, te whakahaere pāmahana, te kounga papanga, me te pono whakauru te angitū o te whakatinanatanga BGA. I te mea kei te piki tonu te uaua o ngā taputapu me te kikī pūngao, e noho ana te BGA hei rongoā kōhao nui mō te whakarite mahi, te rahi, me te whakarite i ngā pūnaha hiko matatau.

Nga Pātai i Pāngia Nui (FAQ)

1. He aha te take e tukuna ana e BGA ngā pūhoko me te pai ake o te mana pūnaha i ngā pūhoko tuku iho?

Ka whakamahi ngā pūhoko BGA i ngā hono pōtaru poto i raro i te pūhiko, kaua e whakamahi i ngā āpiti porohita roa. Ka whakaiti tēnei huarahi hiko poto i te inductance me te parenga, e āwhina ana i te whakaheke i ngā whakaahua pūnaha, te piki i te papa me te hihiri pāpāho i te wā e tapahia ana. I ngā pūnaha tere, e tautokohia ana e ēnei whakapai te whakarereketanga pūmau, ngā āputa pāmahana kāore e dări, me te pai o te tuku pūngao, i te mea ko ngā pōtaru pūngao me te papa e tohaina ana i runga i te pūhiko.

2. He aha te take ka pai te whakawhiwhi a BGA i ngā taputapu I/O teitei i te whakataurite ki ngā pūhoko āpiti?

Ko ngā pūhoko āpiti e whakawhirinaki ana ki te roa o te porohita ki te tāpiri i ngā hono, e pēhi ana i te rahi whakapoha tino iti, ā, ka hanga i ngā uauatanga ki te whakauru. Ka whakamahi anō te BGA i te pātea katoa i raro i te pūhiko mō te noho o ngā pōtaru, e ki ana i te tau I/O hei whakaoho i te rahi o te pūhiko, kaua e pau te mutunga i te rahi porohita. Nō reira, ka tino runga atu te BGA ki ngā kaiwhakawhitinga, FPGAs, ASICs, me ngā taputapu mahara e hiahia ana ki te rau mano rārangi i roto i ngā tauira pepa tauira whāiti.

3. He aha te take e kōwhiritia ana ngā hononga pōtahi huna hei painga me te wero hanga i ngā whakauruhanga BGA?

Ko ngā hononga pōtahi huna i raro i te pūhiko e tiaki ana i te rārangi hono mai i te pānga kaiwhakahaere kino e pā ana ki ngā āpiti e kitea ana i ngā pūhoko pēnei i ngā TSOPs me ngā QFPs. Heoi, na te mea kāore e taea e ngā hononga te tirotiro puta noa i muri i te hoki mai, ko te hanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakahaere tukanga āta, tae atu ki te pāmahana tika o te pōkaitahi, ngā whakaaturanga pūmau, te pātea o te PCB, me te whakahaere whakatūwā. Nō reira, ka tino whakamahi i te whakapae X-ray me ngā tikanga whakaora motuhake, kaua e noho ki te tirotiro tika.

4. He aha te take ka noho ke te whakahaere pāmahana hei take nui mo te whiriwhiri i te whakawhiwhi a BGA?

Ka hanga ngā pūhoko BGA i ngā rārangi pāmahana me te āhua pāta o ngā pūkete pōtahi ki roto i te PCB. Ka tohatoha te pāmahana i roto i ngā papa kākā, ngā kātahi pāmahana, ngā miihini pāmahana, me ngā kātahi e rēhita ana ki ngā āhuatanga kīmana i te taha tira, i te waikā poto. I te mea kei te piki te pupuri pūngao o ngā kāri, ko tēnei whakapai i te pāmatutu pāmahana e pai ana ki te whakatika i te pāmahana rōngata i runga i ngā pūhoko āpiti e kākahu ana i ngā pūhoko tuku iho.

5. He aha te take ka whakaarohia kāore e taea te wehewehe i te hoahoa PCB mai i te mahi pūhoko BGA?

Ka noho te pūhiko BGA hei wāhanga o te pūnaha hiko me te pāwarmas, kaua e noho hei waahanga tangohia. Ko te whakakotahi o te PCB, te awanga tuhinga, te huarahi whakauru, te hanganga PDN, ngā kātahi pāmahana, te whakahohonu kākā, me ngā āhuatanga rangi e pā ana tika ki te mana pūnaha, te pāmahana pūmau, me te pono o ngā hononga pāta. Ka taea e te hoahoa papanga kino te whakamāhū i ngā painga o te pūhiko ahakoa he pai te hoahoatanga o te BGA.

6. He aha te take e noho ana te PBGA hei tīpako BGA rongonui i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko?

Ka whakauru te PBGA i te utu hanga āhua iti, ngā tukanga whakauru pātea, me te mahi hiko pai mo ngā tono nui puta noa. Ko ngā papanga laminata organik me ngā tikanga whakauru raraunga e tautoko ana i te hanga nui hāneanea kaore e rahi te pōtihi me te pāmahana mō ngā pūnaha whakamahi me ngā rorohiko. Ka taea hoki te tautoko i te āheinga o te whakaritenga e noho ana i ngā māngai tuku e pānui ana i te roro, te hōhonu o te tukanga, me te pono hanga wāwāhi.

7. He aha te take ko te pāmahana ua he āhuatanga nui o te pono i roto i ngā pūhoko PBGA?

Ko ngā papanga organik me ngā pūpū whakairo e āhei ana ki te tango i te pāmahana ua i te wā e pupuri ana me te whakahaere. I te wa e whakamahia ana te pōkaitahi, ka whakawhānui tere te pāmahana kua āna i roto i te hau, e hanga ana i ngā pēhanga miihini ā-roto ka raru i te rahi, te whārua, i te kaupapa mōhiohia "kōpu-kāore" te pānga. Nā te mea he āhua te pāngia i te āhua whakahaere, ko ngā kaiwhakanao e pāngia ana ki te pāmahana ua-ārai, te pupuri maroke, te tikanga paraihe, me te whakahaere wā mō te pono whakauru.

8. He aha te take ka eke ngā BGA keramik i te pāmahana taiao long-term teitei atu i ngā BGA kirihou?

Ko ngā pākahu keramik he tino pai mō te pupuri i te rāngai rahi, te pātea i te wai, me te whanaketanga hiko e kīhia ana i ngā pāmahana rahi. Ko ēnei āhuatanga e tino tika ana mō ngā CBGAs hei whakamahi i ngā rangi rererangi, i ngā rōpū hōia, i ngā ahumahi, me ngā pūnaha pitkä te ora e pāngia ana ki ngā pāmahana tiketike, i ngā āhuatanga taiao kino. Heoi anō, ko te kikī me te iti o te whakawhānui wera o te keramik ka piki ake te pēhanga o ngā hononga solder ka tūhono ki ngā PCB epoxy-karaihe paerewa, e whakahaerea ana e te whakarite āta.

9. He aha te take he mea nui ngā rauemi underfill ki te pūmau o te FCBGA?

I roto i ngā flip-chip BGAs, ka hono taima te die silicon ki te pākahu mā te whakamahi i ngā pātea solder mōhio. Ka tāpiri te rauemi underfill i waenganui i te die me te pākahu hei whakatakoto i te pēhanga kōtahi, hei whakaiti i te fatigue pātea, me te whakarei i te whakakorenga i te pā. Ko te whiriwhiri pai i te underfill me te whakahaere o te hātepe he tino pānga ki te pūmau i te wā roa nā te mea ko ngā underfills e tino kikī ana, e pāngia ana e te hātepe kākahu hei huri i te pēhanga ki ngā wāhi pakarukaru, e te pāngia ana e te pakaru, e te nui o te hē i ngā wā i hātepe.

10. He aha te take ka tino pā ana te pūmau o te BGA ki te whakahaere i te warpage me te coplanarity i te wā e hanga ana?

Ahakoa te iti o te warpage i te pākahu, ka taea te hanga i ngā hononga solder takirua e kore e ọrongo i te wā e rehita ana. Ko te koplanarity nui ka pēra hei take mō te kore pātea, ngā hē i te upoko i roto i te pūneke, ngā wāhanga rānei e pāngia ana i te pā noa, e te pāngia ana e te fatigue i te wā i hātepe. I te mea ko ngā hononga BGA kei raro iho i te pū, kāore pea e kitea ēnei raru mō ngā whakamātau pūmau i muri mai, i ngā whakamahinga i te papa. Na reira, ka mōhio ngā kaiwhakanao ki te pātea, te whanaketanga wera, ngā āhua rehita, te whakahaere pāneke, me te pokanga pū i te wā e rere ana te hātepe.