Te Pukapuka Rautaki FIFO: Te Mahi me nga Tikanga Hoahoa

Ko FIFO (Tuatahi Ite, Tuatahi Taka) he tikanga pātea i whakamahia i roto i nga pūnaha mamaku hei penapena me te whakawhiti raraunga i te raupapa kotahi e tae ana. Ka awhina tēnei i te whakahaere i te whakamahinga raraunga i waenga i ngā taputapu rorohiko e mahi ana i nga tere rerekē, i te wāhi karaka, hei whakahihiri i te wāhanga matua i ngā tono FPGA, ASIC, whakawhiti korero, me ngā tono whakaritenga raraunga. Ka whakamārama tēnei tuhinga i ngā tikanga whakahaere FIFO, ngā hanganga, ngā tohu, ngā tikanga whakawhiti awhina karaka, me ngā tikanga whakatinana me ngā tono whakaritenga.

Kōtaha

He aha te FIFO?

Me pēhea te mahi o FIFO

Ko FIFO (Tuatahi Ite, Tuatahi Taka) he mea penapena raraunga i runga i te kaupapa e tūtohi ana, ko te raraunga tuatahi i tuhia ki te pūrua ko te raraunga tuatahi e pātuhi ana. Ko te kaupapa whakahaere he rite ki te ngākau. Ka uru te raraunga ki te pūrua i roto i te raupapa motuhake ka noho hei penapena ā, ka pātuhi i te wā e pātuhi ai. Ma tēnei, ka waiho te raraunga tawhito ki te pūrua te tuatahi, a, ka tatari te raraunga hou i muri.

I roto i ngā pūnaha FPGA me ngā ASIC, ka whakamahia te FIFO i te nuinga hei wāhi penapena waatea i waenga i ngā hiko e whakaputa raraunga me ngā hiko e tango raraunga. Kāore i te tuku raraunga tika mai i tētahi waahanga ki tetahi atu, ka tuhia te raraunga e heke mai ana ki roto i te FIFO. Ka pātuhi te hiko e te ona rawa te raraunga kua penapenahia. Ka awhina tēnei ahua ki te whakahaere i te whakamahinga o nga raraunga i mua i ngā hātepe i whakahaerehia.

Kāore te FIFO e hiahiatia ana i ngā rārangi wāhi waho hei tohu i ngā wāhi penapena. I te wā e tuhia ana, ka tukuna te raraunga e heke mai ana ki te wāhi e wātea ana i roto i te pūrua. I te wā e pātuhi ana, ka tirahia te raraunga tawhito ka tukuna ki te putanga.

Ka whakahaerehia tēnei whakaritenga e ngā tohu tuhinga te whakamahi me ngā tohu pātuhi. Ka tuhia te raraunga hou, ka neke te tohutohu tuhinga ki te wāhi penapena e whai ake ana. I te wā e pātuhi ai te raraunga, ka neke te tohu pātuhi ki te tauitema nāna. Na te mea ka mahi ēnei tohu i te āta, ka ngana te FIFO ki te tiaki i ngā pakiaka iti i tōna whakamahinga ki ngā rāmere o te mahara.

Ko te whaiwhakaaro me kī, kāore e taea te tango raraunga i ngā wa. Kāore te FIFO e taea te uru ki te wāhi penapena motuhake. Ka whai pea te whakaritenga pou te pātuhi mo te putanga i roto i te pātea.

He aha te whakamahinga o FIFO i roto i ngā pūnaha mamaku

Ka whakamahia te FIFO i te nuinga i te wā e mahi ana ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha i ngā tere rerekē. I roto i ngā tono maha, ka whakangao he taputapu raraunga i ngā wāhi o runga i te wā e tango he taputapu i te tahi tira. Kāore te pūnaha e taea te rapu i te wāhia āta hei whakahaere i te raraunga, e noho ana te whakamahinga e te panui i te pōhēhē.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te kaitahuri analog ki te mamaku (ADC) te whakaputa i te tauira mamaku ina noho ana te pūnoa, PCI bus, ranea whakamāori o ngā tauira i te tere rerekē. Ka mahi te FIFO hei pūrua rārangi e penapena ana i te raraunga e heke mai ana me te tuku atu i te wā e wātea ana te hiko e ranea. Ka tukuna rawa i ngā taha e rua o te pūnaha ki te mara e noho ana ka ngana noa i te whakaritenga mōhiohio.

Ka taea e te FIFO te whakatau i ngā rerekētanga i te whānui raraunga i waenga i ngā taputapu. I roto i ētahi pūnaha, ka taea e tētahi taputapu te tuku raraunga 8-bit, i a ia e hiahia ana te taputapu ki te 16-bit. He tika te whakawhiti pēnei i te hiahia i ngā tikanga whakautu i te whakahaere i ngā raraunga.

Ka taea e te FIFO te whakarei i tēnei hangarau i te penapena īrava i ngā raraunga e heke mai ana me te whakaatu i runga i ngā āheitanga e pa ana ki te taputapu e tango ana. Ka awhina tēnei āheitanga ki ngā hiko rorohiko e whakatairanga raraunga i te ara e tino ora ana e kitea ana te wahanga.

Ngā momo FIFO

Ka wehewehea ngā hanganga FIFO ki ngā FIFO synchronous me ngā FIFO asynchronous.

Ka whakamahia e te FIFO synchronous he pātea karaka kotahi mo ngā mahi pānui me ngā mahi tuhinga. I te mea kei te whakahaerehia ngā mahi katoa i raro i te puna karaka kotahi, he māmā ake te whakahaere me te tautuhi i ngā hononga wā. Ka whakamahia ngā FIFO synchronous i te nuinga o te wā ka noho te raraunga i roto i te rohe karaka kotahi.

Ka whakamahia e te FIFO asynchronous he karaka motuhake mo te tuhinga me te pānui. Ka taea te uru ki te FIFO mā te whakamahi i te auau karaka kotahi, ā, ka wehe i te whakamahi i tētahi atu. I te mea kāore e pēnā te whakahaere o ngā karaka e rua, ka whakamahia ngā FIFO asynchronous i ngā wāhi whakawhiti whakauru raraunga i waenga i ngā rohe karaka rerekē.

He tino hira tēnei āheitanga i ngā pūnaha FPGA i reira ka mahi ngā mīhini, ngā huihuinga whakawhiti, ngā kaiwhakahaere mahara, me ngā taputapu ā-taha i ngā auau rerekē.

Ngā Toiā Pūnaha FIFO me te Whakahaere Pūreretanga

Ko te pono o te mahi FIFO e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mōhio ko te pēhea te nui o te raraunga e pupuri ana i te pūreretanga. Mēnā ka haere tonu te whakauru raraunga hou i muri i te eke o te FIFO ki te wātea, ka taea te pānui mōhiohio tīwhiri. I te wā ka ngana ki te pānui raraunga i te FIFO kāore e whai raraunga, ka puta he hua kāore e tika.

Hei utu i enei āhuatanga, ka whakamahi ngā hoahoa FIFO i ētahi tohu āhua.

Ko te tohu poku e tohu ana kei te kōpaki katoa ngā wāhi pupuri e wātea ana, ā, kāore e taea te tuhinga raraunga hou. Ko te tohu pōti e tohu ana kāore e noho ana he raraunga tōtika e wātea ana mo te pānui.

He nui ngā whakatinanatanga FIFO e whakarato ana i ngā tohu tata ki te pātea me ngā tohu tata ki te pōti. Ka mahi ēnei tohu hei whakatūpato i mua i te tae o te FIFO ki te āhua tino poku, i te āhua tino pōti. Ka taea e te rīwhiri whakahaere te whakamahi i ēnei tohu ki te whakaroa, te whakamutu, rorohiko, rānei te whakatika i ngā whakawhiti raraunga i mua i te pāti, ngā tāhū, kāore e noho.

I te mea e pā ana ēnei tohu āhua ki te pono o te raraunga me te pono o te pūnaha, he wāhanga tino hira ēnei ki te hoahoa FIFO.

Ngā Hanganga FIFO me Ōna Rerekētanga

Ngā Hanganga FIFO Matua

Ka wehewehea ngā hanganga FIFO ki ngā FIFO Karaka Takitahi (SCFIFO) me ngā FIFO Karaka Tahi (DCFIFO). Nā tēnei hōtaka e hanga ki te tautoko i ngā hononga karaka rerekē me ngā whakaritenga whakawhiti raraunga.

Ko ngā hanganga FIFO e mōhiotia ana ko:

• SCFIFO (FIFO Karaka Takitahi)

• DCFIFO (FIFO Karaka Tahi)

• DCFIFO Ngā Rahi Rerekē (FIFO Karaka Tahi me ngā rahi pānui me te tuhinga raraunga rerekē)

I te nuinga o ngā tuhinga FPGA, kei roto ngā FIFO karaka rua paerewa me ngā FIFO karaka rua rahi rerekē i ngā kāwai hei FIFO karaka rua i te mea kāore he hiahia ki te rerekē.

Ko te whiriwhiri i tētahi hanganga FIFO e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pēhea ka uru te raraunga ki te pūreretanga me te wehe. Ko te hononga i waenga i te karaka tuhinga me te karaka pānui ko te tino take e mea ana i te whiriwhiri i te hangahanga FIFO tika.

FIFO Karaka Takitahi (SCFIFO)

Ka whakamahi te FIFO Karaka Takitahi i tētahi pātea karaka kotahi ki te whakahaere i ngā mahi tuhinga me ngā mahi pānui. I te mea e whakahaerehia ana ngā mahi e rua i roto i te rohe karaka kotahi, he māmā te whakahaere wā me te whakaheke i ngā take whakakapinga.

Ka tae te raraunga tōtika ki te kuaha FIFO, ā, ka whakakorehia te tono tuhinga, ka pupuri te raraunga i te wāhi mahara e wātea ana i te taha aktī karaka. I te mea e haere mai ana te raraunga, ka haere tonu te tohu tuhinga e neke ana ki te mua i roto i te wāhi pupuri FIFO.

I te wā ka whakakāhia te tono pānui, ka tiki te FIFO i te raraunga tawhito e pūmau ana, kātahi ka noho te putanga. Ka haere tonu te tohu pānui ki te wāhi pūmau e whai ake ana. Ko tēnei nekeneke tonu o ngā tohu pānui me ngā tohu tuhinga e āhei ana te raraunga ki te pārongo i roto i te FIFO i te tārua tika.

Ka tuku ngā FIFO karaka takitahi i ētahi tohu āhua e awhina ana ki te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga pūreretanga. Ko te tohu poku e tohu ana kei te kōpaki katoa ngā wāhi pupuri, me te mea e tika ana ka mutu ngā tuhinga. Ko te tohu tata ki te poku e whakatūpato ana kei te haere whānui te FIFO ki te hapa ki te iwa.

Ko te tohu pōti e tohu ana kāore e noho ana he raraunga tōtika e wātea ana i te pūreretanga, i te mea ko te tohu tata ki te pōti e whakatūpato ana kei te noho he pūmau iti rawa. He nui ngā whakatinanatanga hoki e kawea ana i tētahi kaute kupu whakamahia, e whakapūmau ana te nui o te raraunga e pupuri ana i te FIFO.

Ka āhei ēnei tohu ki te mātou whakahaere e tango ana i ngā whakatau pānui me ngā whakatau tuhinga haumaru i te wā e pupuri ana i te mahi FIFO pono.

FIFO Karaka Tahi (DCFIFO)

Ka whakamahi te FIFO Karaka Tahi i ngā karaka motuhake mo ngā mahi tuhinga me ngā mahi pānui. Ka whakahaere te taha tuhinga i roto i tētahi rohe karaka, ā, ko te taha pānui ka mahi i roto i tetahi atu.

Ka tuhinga te raraunga e haere mai ana ki te FIFO mā te whakamahi i te karaka tuhinga. I te wā e pupuri ana, ka noho te raraunga i roto i te pūreretanga tae noa ki te tiki e te taha pānui mā te whakamahi i te karaka pānui. Nā te mea he motuhake ngā karaka e rua, ka āhei te FIFO ki te whakawhiti raraunga i waenga i ngā rohe karaka rerekē.

Ko tēnei āheitanga e hanga ana i ngā FIFO karaka rua he mea rongonui hei rongoā mo te whakawhiti te kete i roto i ngā pūnaha FPGA.

Kia tautoko i te mahi pono, ka tukuna e nga FIFO rua-pai nga tohu ahua mo nga taha e rua o te atanga. Ka whakamahia e te taha tuhinga nga tohu penei i te wrfull me te wrempty hei tohu i nga ahuatanga o te puoto taha tuhinga. Ka whakamahia e te taha pānui nga rdfull me te rdempty hei tohu i te availability o te raraunga mo te pānui.

Ka tukuna hoki nga kaipāho motuhake hei awhina i ia roanga paerahi ki te mōhio i te nui o nga raraunga i te kāinga. Ka taea e enei tohu te tuku Entscheidungen i nga taha e rua o te FIFO kaore e pā kino ki tetahi ki tetahi.

FIFO Rua-Puranga Pātea

Ko etahi tono e hiahia ana ki nga whanui raraunga rereke i te taha tuhinga me te taha pānui o te FIFO. I enei ahuatanga, ka taea te whakamahi i te FIFO Rua-Puranga Pātea.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te raraunga te tuhinga ki roto i te FIFO hei kupu 16-bit engari ka pānuitia hei kupu 8-bit. Ka whakaritea e te FIFO nga korero e tiakina ana me te whakahaere i te huringa whanui e hiahiatia ana i te wa e pupuri ana i te raupapa raraunga taketake.

He painga tenei mo te hono i nga taputapu e whakamahi ana i nga whanui bus rereke. Hiahia ki te taapiri i nga poraka huri atu i te huringa, ka whakahaerehia e te FIFO te whakarite whanui i roto.

Kahea ki te whakamahi i ia hanga FIFO

Ka whakamahia te FIFO Kotahi-Puranga i te nuinga o te wā ka pa ki te pānui me te tuhinga i roto i te rohe puoro kotahi. Ko tana hanganga ngawari e whakapōtae ana i te tātari wā me te whakatinana.

Ka pai te whakamahi i te FIFO Rua-Puranga i te wa e hiahia ana te raraunga ki te neke i waenga i nga rohe puoro motuhake. Ka whakarato i te whakawhitinga puoro pono me te awhina ki te tango i nga raru whakakotahi.

Ka tehi i te wa e hiahia ana ki te whakawhitinga puoro me te huringa whanui, ka tuku te FIFO Rua-Puranga Pātea i tetahi otinga whaihua mā te whakakotahi i nga mahi e rua i roto i te hanganga FIFO kotahi.

FIFO Mahi i ngā hanganga rerekē

He aha te take he mea nui te FIFO i roto i nga Pūnaha Mamati

Ka mahi te FIFO hei wāhi rokiroki whakawhāiti i waenga i nga taha rerekē o te pūnaha mamati. I roto i nga tono maha, kāore e tae mai te raraunga me te wehenga i te tere kotahi. Ka taea e tetahi taputapu te hanga raraunga i te wā tonu, ko te mea ke ka taea te whakahaere, te tuku, i taua raraunga i te tere iti atu. Kāore he puoto i waenga i a rātou, ka taea e te raraunga mai e haere mai te rahi ake i te mea ka taea te whakahaere, ka hua te ngaronga raraunga.

Ka whakatutuki tenei raru i te rokiroki i te raraunga i te wa e haere mai ana me te tuku i te wa ka rite te pūhiko poari. E hanga ana tenei i te rere hihiri o nga pārongo me te tuku i nga taha rerekē o te pūnaha ki te mahi i te pai ake me te kore e hiahiatia te whakaritenga o te taimi kua rite.

I tua atu i te pupuri i nga raraunga, ka āwhina te FIFO ki te whakapai ake i te whakatutukitanga o te pūnaha katoa. Mā te kohikohi raraunga mōhiti i mua i te whakawhiti, ka whakaiti te FIFO i te rahi o nga mahi uru ki te bus me te whakaiti i te uta i te whakawhiti. Ka taea e tenei te whakamahi i nga rauemi pūnaha i te pai ake.

Ka taea hoki e te FIFO te whakaiti i te mahi o te pūnaha. Nā te mea ka whakahau i te CPU ki te whakahaere i ia whakawhiti raraunga motuhake, ka taea e te raraunga te kohikohi ki roto i te FIFO me te whakahaere hei rōpū nui ake. Ka whakapai tenei huarahi i te pai me te tuku rauemi pūnaha mō ngā mahi kē.

Ko tetahi atu painga nui ko te tautoko i nga whakahaere Whakahaere Mahara Tūtohu (DMA). I roto i nga pūnaha tere, ka āhei te DMA ki te neke i te raraunga ki waenga i nga taputapu me te mahara me te kore e hapai i te CPU i te wā tonu. Ka whakarato te FIFO i te rokiroki mōhiti e hiahiatia ana ki te tautoko i enei whakawhiti me te pupuri i te rerenga raraunga e haere ana.

Kāore he rokiroki FIFO me te tautoko DMA, ka taea te pūnaha te whakamahi i te nui o te wā ki te whakahaere i te nekehanga raraunga, e taea ai te whakaiti i te whakatutukitanga o te pūnaha katoa me te whakawhānui i te mōrea o nga raru whakawhiti.

FIFO Kotahi-Puranga

Ko te FIFO Kotahi-Puranga ka whakamahia i te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaerehia e te tohu puoro kotahi te mahi whakaū me te mahi pānui. Nā te mea kei roto etahi taha o te FIFO i te rohe puoro kotahi, he ngawari ake te whakahaere i te whakamahi i te wa me te kāwai raru ki te karo.

Ko tetahi tono noa ko te tiki raraunga karawhiu. I roto i nga pūnaha maha, ka taea e te karawhiu te hanga raraunga i te tere nui atu i nga rohe whakawhiti e whirinaki ana ki te tuku i taua raraunga ki tetahi taputapu.

Hei tauira, ka taea e te FPGA te kohikohi raraunga mai i te karawhiu mā te pokanga SPI tere. Ka tae mai te tauira karawhiu ki roto i te wā poto ka hiahiatia kia rokiroki wawe hei karo i te ngaronga o te pārongo. I te wa e noho ana, ka taea e te raraunga i kohikohi te whakawhiti mā te pokanga UART e whakahaerehia ana i te tere bard raupapa iti ake.

I te wa e taka ana te raraunga karawhiu ki te FPGA, ka tuhinga tika ki te FIFO. Ka tatari te raraunga e rokiroki ana i roto i te whakatere i te wa e whakawhitinga ana te UART i te tere ake. I te wa e wehe ana te raraunga i te FIFO, ka haere tonu nga tauira karawhiu ki te whakauru ki te whakarite. Ka taea e tenei hihiri tuhinga-me te pānui te tuku ki nga taha e rua o te pūnaha ki te mahi i nga tere raraunga rerekē i te wa e noho ana i te puoro kotahi.

Mā te tango i ngā tārawe tere i waenga i te kohinga raraunga me te tuku raraunga, ka āwhina te FIFO kotahi-taima ki te pupuri i te rerenga raraunga pūmau, ā, kāore e ngaro ngā raraunga.

FIFO Tōtahi Tāima

He mea hanga te FIFO tōtahi tāima mō ngā pūnaha e mahi ana i te taha tuhinga me te taha pānui me ngā tohu tāima rerekē. He noa tēnei mō ngā hoahoa FPGA nā te mea kei te rere te nuinga o ngā blokā whakaahua i ngā hōtaka rerekē me ngā whakaritenga wā.

I te wa e neke ana ngā raraunga i tētahi rohe tāima ki tētahi atu, ka taea e ngā hononga tika te waihanga i ngā raru whakakotahi. Ka taea e te raraunga te tae te wāhi ranea, te wāhi whakamāmā, rānei, i ngā pūtau wā kāore e tino pumau ana, e hua ana ki ngā mahi kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki.

Ka whakawhiwhia e te FIFO tōtahi tāima he haukoti haumaru i waenga i ngā rohe tāima e rua. Ko ngā raraunga e tomokia ana ka tuhia ki te FIFO mā te tohu tāima pūtake. Ka mau te raraunga ki te puku tae noa ki te wāhi whāinga e pānui ana i runga i tana ake tohu tāima. Ka whakahaerehia e te FIFO i roto i a ia te tukanga whakawhiti i tākaia e rua ngā rohe tāima e taea te mahi tōna ake.

He pai te tauira kei roto i te pūnaha tukatuka ataata. Ka taea e tētahi kāmera te tango i ngā raraunga whakaahua mā te whakamahi i tētahi hōtaka tāima kotahi, i te wā e tuku ana te pūhiko VGA i ngā raraunga whakaahua mā te whakamahi i tētahi hōtaka tāima rerekē. I te mea ka whakaputaina ngā raraunga whakaahua e te kāmera, ka tuhia tonutia ki te FIFO. Ka pānui te pūhiko VGA i ngā raraunga whakaahua e mau nei i te tere e hiahiatia ana mō te tānga whakaatu.

Nā te mea he tino rerekē te tohu tāima tuhinga me te pānui, ka mahi te FIFO hei piriti i waenga i ngā pūnaha wā e rua. E taea ai te neke ngā raraunga whakaahua i runga i te pānui rahi mai i te whatunga kāmera ki te whatunga whakaatu kāore he hapa whakakotahi.

Nā tēnei take, ka whakamahia whānuitia ngā FIFO tōtahi tāima mō te whakawhitinga rohe tāima, te whakawhiti raraunga tere, ngā pūnaha tukatuka ataata, ngā whatunga kōrero, me ētahi atu tono e hiahiatia ana te neke o ngā raraunga i waenga i ngā taiao wā tino rerekē.

Me Pehea te Whakamahia te FIFO i roto i te Altera FPGA

Ngā Huarahi Paerata mo te Whakamahi i te FIFO

Ka tuku ngā pātene FPGA o Altera iētahi huarahi hei whakatinana i ngā āhuatanga FIFO. Ko te tikanga pai e pā ana ki ngā whakaritenga hoahoa, te rārangi whakawhanaketanga, me te taumata o te whakarite e hiahiatia ana.

I te nuinga o ngā kaupapa, kāore e rerekē te whāinga. Me tautokohia e te FIFO te wāhi i waenga i ngā blokā whakaahua e rua, kia taea ai te penapena mō te wātainga, te whakawhiti i runga i te tikanga, me te tukatuka ki te tere e hiahiatia ana. Ko te rerekētanga kei roto i te āhua e hangaia ana te FIFO me pēhea te whakauru ki te hoahoa FPGA.

E toru ngā huarahi whakatinana e mōhiotia ana e whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te whakawhanaketanga FPGA o Altera.

Te Waihanga i tētahi FIFO Ritenga ki te Kōwae RTL

Ko te huarahi tuatahi ko te hanga i tētahi FIFO i runga i te Kōwae RTL (Rehita Whakawhiti Taumata).

I roto i tēnei huarahi, ka hangahia e te kaihoahoa te hanganga FIFO katoa, tae atu ki te rārangi mahara, te tohu pānui, te tohu tuhinga, te rōrahi rapu ki te pūnaha, te rōrahi rapu ki te kāore e kātoitoi, me te utu mana. Ka whakatakotohia te katoa o ngā wāhanga o te mahi FIFO i roto i te waehere HDL.

Ka tuku tēnei huarahi i te taumata teitei o te herekore. Kāore e taea te whakarite te hōhonu FIFO, te whanui raraunga, ngā tohu wāhi, me te pāna whakahaere ki ngā whakaritenga o te tono. Ka taea hoki te tāpiri i ētahi atu āhuatanga mēnā kāore e tuku ngā whakatinana FIFO auau i te mahi e hiahiatia ana.

Heoi, ko te whakawhanaketanga i te FIFO mai i te timatanga e hiahiatia ana he tino māramatanga ki te hanganga FIFO, te tātari wā, me ngā tikanga hoahoa FPGA. Ka hiahiatia hoki te nui atu o te whakamātautau me te tirohanga hei whakamōhio i te mahi kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki i ngā āhuatanga katoa.

Nā tēnei take, ka taupatupatuhia te whakawhanaketanga FIFO ritenga mō ngā tono e hiahia ana i ngā āhuatanga e whakaingoa ana, e katahi ano he whakaritenga tauira kāore e taea te whakaū.

Te Whakamahi i ngā Kōwae FIFO IP Pātea, i ngā Pātea

Ko te huarahi tuarua ko te whakamahi i tētahi kōwae FIFO IP pātea, i ngā pātea.

Nā te mea kāore e hanga te FIFO mai i te tīmatanga, ka kawea mai tētahi module FIFO e noho ana ki te kaupapa, ka hono ki te rongoā e surrounding. Nā te mea he wātea te waehere pūtake, ka taea tonu te whakatika i te hoahoa mēnā he mea hiahiatia ana e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga atu, ngā huringa.

Ka taea tēnei huarahi te whakaiti i te wa whakawhanaketanga. Kua oti te hanganga FIFO i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga, kua whakamātauria, ā, kua whakaritea, e te kaiwhakahaere ka anga ki te whakauru pūnaha kāore kāore e whakaaro ki te whakawhanaketanga FIFO i te taumata iti.

I te wā e rerekē ana ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa i ngā whanonga FIFO auau, ka taea te whakatika i te waehere pūtake hei tautoko i te āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana i te wā e ka taea tonu te karo i te roto ki te hanga i tētahi hoahoa FIFO tino hou.

Te Whakamahi i te Kōwae FIFO IP o Quartus II

Ko te huarahi e mōhiotia ana ko te whakamahi i ngā kōwae FIFO IP e tuku ana e te rōpū Quartus II.

Kei te Quartus II āhuatanga i ngā kāitika FIFO i hangaia hei whakatakoto i ngā hanganga FIFO mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakarite whakaahua. Kāore e nui te tuhinga FIFO ki te tuhinga, ka tīpakohia e te kaiwhakahaere ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana ka waiho te rōpū ki te waihanga i te whakatinana aunoa.

I nga whakamahere, ka taea te tautuhi i etahi whakaritenga nui. Ko enei e pa ana ki:

• Pēhanga FIFO (ka nekehia e te wa kotahi, e rua rānei)

• Te whanui raraunga

• Te profundo o FIFO

• Ngā kōwhiringa whakaurunga maumahara

• Nga tohu pūnaha pūmau me te pātea

• Nga whakaritenga tata ki te pātea me te tata ki te tino

• Nga whakaritenga pātea me te tuhinga

I muri i te whiriwhiri i nga tohu, ka hangaia e Quartus II nga kōnae FIFO me nga tikanga tautoko e hiahiatia ana mo te hoahoa FPGA.

Hanga FIFO me te whakapai

Ka whakakī katoa te whakaritenga FIFO, ka hangaia e Quartus II he whakaurunga kua pai ake mo te taputapu Altera FPGA kua kowhiria.

Ka taea te hono tika te FIFO i hangaia ki nga tikanga e karapoti ana. Ko nga raraunga e pā mai ana ka hono ki te interfēra tuhinga, ko nga raraunga e pā mai ana ka hono ki te interfēra pātea, a, ka whakamahia nga tohu pātea ki te whakahaere i te rere raraunga puta noa i te pūnaha.

I te mea ko te hoahoa i hangaia he pai ake mo te hanganga FPGA e tirohia ana, ko te whakamahi rauemi he pai ake i te nuinga o nga whakataunga e hangaia ana i mānukanuka. Ko te wā whanaketanga ka whakaiti hoki na te mea he nui te hoahoa, te whakakī i te tirohanga, me nga mahi whakapai ka whakahaerehia e te rorohiko.

Mo te nuinga o nga kaupapa FPGA, ka tuku te Quartus II FIFO IP core i te ara tere me te māmā ki te whakatutuki i nga mahi FIFO pono i te wa e pupuri ana i te whakamahi rauemi FPGA e whaihua ana.

Whakamutunga

Ka whakarato a FIFO i tetahi ara māmā me te pono ki te tiaki raraunga, te whakarite i nga tere whakawhitinga, me te tautoko i te kōrero i waenga i ngā waahanga pūnaha rerekē. Ma te mōhio ki ngā hanganga FIFO, ngā tohu pātea, te mahi synchronous me te asynchronous, me ngā tikanga whakaurunga, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakanao te whakapai i te pono o ngā raraunga, te aukati i ngā āhuatanga overflow me te underflow, me te hanga i ngā pūnaha pānga matihiko e whaihua ake.

Nga Pātai e Pā Neke atu i te Rā

1. He aha ngā FIFO raraunga e tika ana ina whakatauhia kāwai rerekē o te pūnaha matihiko ki ngā tere rerekē?

Ko nga FIFO raraunga he kaipupuri ātua i waenga i ngā pūnaha e whakawhiwhi raraunga ana me ngā pūnaha e pona ana ki te raraunga. Ka hanga tetahi taputapu raraunga i te tere e pai ake ana i tetahi atu e taea te tukatuka, ka pupuri te FIFO i nga korero e pā mai ana me te tuku i te wā e rite ana te taputapu e tukuna. Ka whakakorehia e tenei te ngaronga raraunga, ka whakakaha i te pono o te pūnaha, ka tuku i nga pūnaha e rua ki te whakahaere i raro i te āhua rangatū kahore e hiahiatia te whakaritenga tere.

2. He aha ngā FIFO asynchronous e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te whakawhiti wā-pāruru i ngā hoahoatanga FPGA?

Ka whakamahi ngā FIFO asynchronous i ngā waehere rerekē mō ngā mahi tuhinga me pātea, ka taea ai te neke te raraunga i runga i ngā pāteka wā-rerekē. Ka whakahāngai tēnei i ngā raru wā me te tautuhi e taea te tupu ina ka tukuna ngā tohu i waenga i ngā pūnaha e rere ana i ngā pāti rerekē. I te mutunga, ka whakamahia ngā FIFO asynchronous i ngā whakawhiti kōrero, ngā pūnaha ataata, ngā pūrere whakawhiti, me ngā kaiwhakahaere mahara.

3. Me pēhea e awhina nga tohu FIFO ki te aukati i nga āhuatanga overflow me te underflow?

Ka whakamahi ngā tohu FIFO i te mōhiohio i te wā e pā ana ki te whakamahi kōpū. Ko ngā kāmera kei te wānanga me te tata ki te pātea, e pā ana ana ki te pupuri i ngā waahi taunga maumahara, a ko te pātea me te tata ki te pātea e tohu nei ka iti noa te raraunga e wātea ana. Ka tuku ēnei tohu i te hiahia ki te whakarereke i ngā whakawhitinga raraunga i mua i ngā raru, e āwhina ana ki te pupuri i te pono o te raraunga me te whakahaere pūnaha pumau.

4. He aha ngā FIFO rua-pātea e whakamahia nuitia ana i ngā pūnaha tukatuka ataata?

I ngā pūnaha ataata, he maha ngā taputapu e mahi ana i ngā pāti rerekē, pēnā ki ngā kāmera me ngā kaiwhakahaere whakaatu. Ka pupuri te FIFO rua-pātea i ngā raraunga whakaahua e pā mai ana mā te whakamahi i te pātea kotahi, ka taea te pātea mā te whakamahi i tetahi atu pātea. Ka hangaia tenei he piriti pono i waenga i ngā pāteka wā e rua, ā, ka whakarite ana i te tuku whakaahua āta ka karekau e pā ngā hē whakatūria.

5. He aha te take e pai ana ki te nuinga o ngā kaihoahoa FPGA te whakamahi i ngā hiko Quartus II FIFO IP i te mea e hanga ana ngā FIFO auaha?

Ka whakaitihia e ngā hiko Quartus II FIFO IP te wā whanaketanga mā te hanga i ngā tikanga FIFO i whakapaihia i runga i ngā whakaritenga a te kaiwhakamahi pērā i te te whakamāori, te whanui, te momo pātea, me ngā tohu pātea. Ka whakaiti tenei i te wā hoahoa, ka whakaiti i te ngākau whakahaere mana, ka hoatu pea i te whakamahi rauemi pai atu i ngā whakatū nāna i waea, ka waiho hei whakaritenga pai mo ngā kaupapa FPGA.