555 Timer IC whakamārama, Hanganga o roto, Ōrau, me ngā whakamahinga

Ko te 555 timer he IC pātea te rahi e whakamahia ana mō te tāmi, whakatipuranga pūāhua, oscillation, me te whakahaere hiko ngāwari. Ko ngā comparators o roto, te wahanga voltage, latch, discharge transistor, me te wāhanga puta e āhei ana ki te mahi i ngā mōhiti monostable, astable, me bistable. Ka whakamārama tēnei tuhinga i ngā whakaaro hoahoa 555 timer, ngā mahi o ngā pin, te hanga o roto, ngā whakamahinga whakaritenga, te tika o te wā, ngā momo taputapu, me ngā whiringa e pā ana.

Kātakí

555 Timer Whakamārama Hoahoa

Ko te 555 timer e tū ana ki te pānui i runga i te rahi pātea atu i te "timer ngāwari," a, ka puta taua whakanui i te wā e tu ana koe ki runga i a ia i roto i tētahi circuit pono. I roto, ka wehewehea e ia tētahi whatunga tohu, ngā taumata whakataurite hiko, ngā pātea digital, me tētahi taputapu pūngao e pātata ana ki te taha ki te RC taura. Ko te hua he wāhanga ka kitea hei māmā mo te whai ki ngā whakaritenga i tētahi setanga, ā, ka tino whakamaharahara i tētahi atu, e ai ki te aha e pā ana ki ngā wāhanga e karawhiu ana me te whakaritenga i te tāmi node.

Ngā Wāhanga Whakarite o Roto me ngā Putanga

I roto i te taputapu, ka whakatūria tētahi taki-āpingā hei whakarite i ngā taumata e rua e mōhia ana hei hua o VCC. Ko aua pūtake hei tautuhi i ngā tai e whakawhiti ana te pūngao tāmi i te wā e chargia ana me te whakakore, nō reira ka taea e te 555 te hanga i ngā taumata e taea te whakatū i ngā wā e koroheke ana te pūngao.

Ka tirohia te tāmi node e ngā comparators e rua, e titiro ana ki tētahi huihuinga whakawhiti e pā ana ki ngā taumata tohu roto. I runga i tētahi oscilloscope, ka puta ēnei huringa hei tīwiwī me te pumau. Heoi, ko ngā comparators ka tuku i ngā wāhi whakawhiti pūmau, ahakoa ko te tika o te tāmi e pā ana tonu ki ngā mea pērā i te tino a ngā wāhanga, te pāmahana, me ngā tikanga whakahaere.

Ko te SR latch ka pupuri i tana estado i te wā e whakawhiti ana te taumata. Ka whakahaerehia te estado i te wāhanga putanga me te huarahi whakakore. Ko tēnei mahi mahara ka taea e te huri tohu poto i te tāmi node ki te whakawhiti i te putanga me te pupuri i taua estado tae noa ki te taunga ki te taumata rerekē. He mea whaihua tēnei ki ngā circuits tuhinga kotahi engari ka taea hoki te kawe i ngā huringa putanga tūpato i te waikura o ngā tika.

Ko tētahi discharge transistor e whakarato ana i tētahi huarahi iti-reti ki te kāore i te whakamahi ākari hei kawe i te capacitor kāhikohi i te wā e tonoa ana e te latch. Ko taua mahi whakakore kaha he tino take whakamutunga i taea e te 555 te pupuri i te oscillation me ngā wāhanga iti i waho, engari ka taea hoki e te tāmi node te pao i ngā pūngao tere e pā ana ki te whenua me ngā tuhinga tata ki te whakaritenga he maumautanga.

I runga i tētahi whatunga RC iti me he pona tāpawha, ka tautoko i taua hanganga o roto ngā ritenga e rua e mōhia ana: ngā wākati-tahi āmi me te oscillation kāhore. Ko te tikanga e whakahaerehia ana he rite tonu i ngā take e rua, te huri me te whakakore i waenga i ngā taumata o roto e rua, nō reira ko te "mōhiti" ka ea i runga i te aha e pā ana ki te huri i te pūngao ki roto me te puta i te capacitor tāmi me pēhea e whakatū ai, kāore rānei e whakahou te latch.

Ko nga one-shots (monostables) ka taea te ahua he tino hāngai i roto i te whakaaturanga tīwae, e whakawhiwhia ana hei tuhinga mo te hanga hēkona. Ko nga astables ka taea te tino māmā ki te whakatinana, ā, he nui te wa e pā ana ki te awhina, engari ko te māmā e mōhiotia ana e huna ana i te mea ko te pūnaha wa e noho ana i roto i te tohu analog kei roto i te kohanga mō te pāpori rorohiko.

Te Whakaūnga Wa i Nga Hoahoa Tūturu

I runga i te tuhinga, ko nga ratio matū he pai te stability, nō reira he mea tika ki te tūmanako ka tae mai te wa ki te tiaki pūmau i te wā e pumau ana te VCC. I te wāhi, ko te wā i paahi ia ka tiakina e nga āhuatanga ā-kaihoko e mōhiotia ana e ngā tāngata: te manawanui o nga component, te nono i ngā capacitor, ngā āhuatanga pā temperature, te nono i te papanga pepa, me ngā take katoa ka kitea e te pūnaha wa i ngā pūnaha pā kei te taha.

He mea noa kia kitea he hoahoa e rīwharehia ana "mā te tika" i roto i nga pānuitanga tuatahi, ā, kāore e wātea te rēre ki te pānui i wāhi whakamātautau. Ka ngaro te capacitance whaihuā o te capacitor ceramic i raro i te rūbete DC, ā, ko te nekehanga pea he nui rawa atu kia pērā te hēkona ki te whakamahi i te kaiwhakamahi ahakoa kāore te mahere kei te huri. Ka taea hoki e te teitei o nga resistors wa te whakahihiri i a koe; ko te poke, te pātea, me te makuku ka taea te hanga i ngā ara nono e pā ana i runga i te rōpū kei te pupuri i te pūnaha, e whakawhirinaki ana i te wā ki te mārama ki nga wā kei te heke ki te wāhi wera.

Ko te huarahi whakaritenga he āhua mo te whakakī te whakahaerenga kāwai hei kāinga ki te wa me ngā whakaritenga anake mo te huarahi. Ka tiakina e te prototype tuatahi, ko nga kōwhiringa pērā i te momo dielectric, te uara o te resistor, te tawhiti ki te tīwae, me te ara hiko hurihuri ko te tikanga ka kōwhiria mēnā e noho ana te whanonga ki te whatunga i te wā e riro ana te āhuatanga i ngā wā kāore e tino pai.

Nga Kaiwhakawhiwhi Taimo Tūtohu:

• Te manawanui o nga component waho (R me C)

• Te nono o te capacitor me te whanonga absorption dielectric

• Te pāwhiri pā temperature o R me C

• Te ngaro i te capacitance e pā ana ki te rūbete DC i etahi capacitor ceramic

• Te nono i te papanga mai i te makuku, te pātea, me te poke

• Te tātirohia te pūnaha wa mai i ētehi atu rōpū, i te whakamātautau

Nga Whakarereke Mahi, Ngā Kaute Pā Temperature, me nga mea ka pāki i ngā Mahi

Ko ngā putanga bipolar tāwhiohio e hāngai ana ki ngā whakatauranga ki te tikanga katahi ko te whakawhiwhi i runga i te 8-pin DIP me ngā kohanga SO. I roto i te maha o ngā hanganga o ia rā, ko ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te NE555 e kīia ana ki te pā e pā ana ki te 0°C ki te 70°C, i te mea e whakaputanga ana ngā kōwhiringa me te rahi o te pā e kīia ana, pērā i ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te SE555 e kīia ana i ngā rangi mai i te −55°C ki te +125°C.

Ko ngā pā pā temperature e pā ana ki te tūmanako, engari kāore te IC e tau te āwhina anake ki te rōhita. Ko te whakaritenga me ngā pāwha ka pā ki te pāpawhiti, ka pā te mahi o te pūrere whakawhiwhi i ngā teitei, ko te R me te C e pā ana ki te tini haere kohi haere pea. Mēnā kāore he tāpiritanga wa e tautau i te hoahoa, ko te pono hei whakaroa ko te kōwhiringa o nā whakauru me te ara e whanga ana te papanga ki te nono me te haruru ka kahakatia atu te rārangi ki runga i te pā e kīia ana i te kiore anake.

Nga Rōpū Paerewa me Nga Kōwhiringa Tahi e Pāhia:

• Ngā whanau bipolar e tāmia ana: Ko nga taputapu NE555-class, e pā ana ki te 0°C ki te 70°C

• Ngā whanau elongate/military-oriented: Ko nga taputapu SE555-class, e pā ana ki te −55°C ki te +125°C

• Ngā kohanga e pā ana ki: 8-pin DIP, 8-pin SO-type kohanga

Ko nga Derivatives me te Kōwhiringa e Pā Ana Atu i te 555 Pātea

He maha nga derivatives e tiakina ana te whakaaro matua, engari ka huri te taumata whakauru, ki te pāwhiri me ngā āhuatanga hiko e pai ai te whakahoahoa ki ngā here motuhake. Ko te 556 e whakauru ana i nga kaiwhakaora e rua i roto i te kohanga 14-pin, e taea ana te whakaiti i te wāhanga me ngā whakahaere mēnā kaore e iki te hoahoa e pau ana te wāhi tahua e pā ana ki te te whakamahinga e iki i ngā āhuatanga mō te whakahaere o te wāhanganui ko te pā e riro ana o te tiaki.

Ko nga whanau 558/559 e whakaatu ana i te whakauru e whā ka uru ki ngā kōwhiringa ā-iwi e ngā wāhanga e pā ana. Ka taea e rātou te whakaawhiwhi i ngā pūhiko e rīwharehia ana ki te reiti e whā, engari ko te komanga heka ko te whai tuānga he mana ki te hōtaka i te wāhanga e toru ka taea te here me te tāpae mo te pouaka e ngātohe.

Ko nga whanau CMOS pērā i nga waahanga 7555- me TLC555-e mau ana i te hātepe e ngana ana ki te ngaro te tono tonu me waho, kia āhua māmā te whakarato i te pārearea me ngā āhuatanga e rārangi ai, ā, kāore pea e mahi i runga i te pā e pā e khia ana ki te aukati i te pā o te rōpū.

Nga Whanau Taonga me nga Ahua Whakamahi Tūturu:

• 556: e rua nga pūrere i whai wāhi i roto i te taha 14-pin; he pai mō nga pūrere e rua kei runga i te papanga kotahi

• 558/559: e pā ana ki ngā pūrerera whā; he āwhina mo te hua taketake o te pūrere whā i ngā āhuatanga e pā ana

• Ngā mōhiohio tauira CMOS 555 (pērā i ngā 7555, TLC555 kāhua): te pāngia te hāora tāmata tonu me te pūhiko e whā, he pea mō ngā pūrere hiko me ngāāhi pā low-noise analog.

Tūnga Ripa 555

Ko te teepu e whai ake nei e whakamārama ana i te whakaritenga ripa me ngā āhuatanga o te IC timer 555. Ka tū te ripa iawa, he mahi motuhake nāna i pā ki te whakaoho, te whakahaere wā, te huri whakaritenga, te mahi whakahoki, te rerekē o te kāpeti, me te whakahaere mana. Ko te mārama ki ēnei mahi ripanga e awhina ana i te whakamārama i te hanga o ngā poraka wā tārewiri, ngā wēra, me ngā whakahaere huri i roto i ngā hiko karaihe.

Ripa	Ingoa	Āhuatanga
1	GND (whenua)	Whenua, hei teitei iti (0V)
2	TRIG (whakaoho)	Ka teitei te hiko i tenei ripa ki te 1 / 3VCC (nā te mana whakahaere i whakatakoto), ka hautū te putanga.
3	OUT	Putanga teitei (+ VCC) ka iti iho.
4	RST (whakahoki)	Ka whakaritihia e te hiko i tenei ripa te timer, ka whakahokia te chip ka waiho tēnei ripa ki te whenua, ā, ka iti te putanga.
5	CTRL (whakahaere)	Ka whakahaerehia te hiko pūhiko o te chip. (Kaore i te noho te ripa, ko te pūhiko tikanga e rua ko 1 / 3Vcc me 2 / 3Vcc).
6	THR (pūhiko teitei)	Ka teitei te hiko i tenei ripa ki te 2 / 3VCC (nā te mana whakahaere i whakatakoto), ka iti te putanga.
7	DIS (whakawhitinga)	Ka whakamahia te tomokanga OC o roto ki te whakawhiti i te kāpeti.

Hanganga o roto o te timer 555

Ko te hanganga o roto o te timer 555 e waihanga ana i te mea e toru ngā 5 kΩ te wero, e rua ngā whakataurite, he flip-flop, he transistor whakawhitinga, me te rārangi whakahaere putanga. Ko ngā wero e toru e pēnei ana hei whakatū i ngā pūhiko manawapa i te wero kotahi-toru me te wero e rua-toru o te pūhiko. Mā ēnei taumata tohutuku ka āhei te timer ki te kite i te pikinga, te heke i te pūhiko kāpeti o waho ki ngā tohu pūhiko motuhake i te wā e mahi ana.

Ko te whakataurite teitei e mātai ana i te ripa pūhiko teitei ka whakataurite ki te pūhiko taumata e rua-toru VCC. Ka piki te pūhiko teitei i runga i tēnei taumata, ka whakahokia te whakataurite te flip-flop, e whai ake ana ka huri te putanga ki te iti. I te wa kotahi, ka pā te transistor whakawhitinga ka whakawhiti i te kāpeti wā.

Ko te whakataurite iti e mātai ana i te ripa whakaoho ka whakataurite ki te pūhiko taumata kotahi-toru VCC. Ka heke te pūhiko whakaoho i raro i tēnei taumata, ka whakatakoto te whakataurite te flip-flop, ka huri te putanga ki te teitei. Ka whakamutu hoki tēnei i te transistor whakawhitinga, ka tukua te kāpeti ki te tīmata i te whakawhiti anō.

Ko te flip-flop SR e pupuri ana i te āhua huri o te timer ka whakahaere i te taumata putanga. Ka tukuna te kaiwhakahaere putanga, ā, ka tuku he tohu putanga teitei, he tohu iti mā te ripa putanga. Ko te transistor whakawhitinga e hono ana ki te ripa whakawhitinga ka whakahaere i te huringa whakawhiti me te whakawhitinga o te kāpeti wā o waho, e whakatauhia ana te wā waehere o te karaihe.

Ngā whakamahinga o te Timer 555

Ko te timer 555 he mea ngawari ki te whakarārangi hei tōmua e rua ngā whakataurite e tuku ana i te lock o roto, me ngā wā huri e noho ana i te tata ki te 1/3 me 2/3 o VCC. Nāna i whakamārama tēnei “matapihi pūhiko” ko te take e mafai ai te IC kotahi te kapi i ngā whakaroa wā, ngā wēra, me te pupuri āhua māmā me te pātea ki ētahi wāhanga iti o waho.

I ngā mahi hoahoa o ia rā, ka noho tonu te 555 i tōna tino wāhi i te wā e hiahia ana ki te hāngai iti, hāngai, he maha ngā kaiwhakarato ka noho kē, me te hiahia te rōpū ki te kore e kawe i te utu o te pūmanawa, te hōtaka tīmata, ngā whakahou, me ngā hapa hiko. Ka tupu hoki hei whakangawari i ngā karaihe e noho ana i reira e whai ana ki ngā pūhiko tikanga e riro ana hei tutu ana e kīnaki ana ki te pātea.

Āhua Monostable

I te whakahaere monostable, e mahi ana te 555 i te pūrorohanga putanga kotahi mō ia kaupapa whakaoho, ka tautuhia te whanui pūrorohanga e te rūri R–C i waho. Ka riro te wa poto e heke ana i TRIG ki runga i te latch, ka hurihia te putanga, ā, ka tīmata te kāpeti wā ki te whakawhiti. Ka piki te THRESH ki runga i te pūhiko teitei (te tikanga, 2/3 VCC), ka tuku te latch, ka hoki te putanga ki tōna āhua tāone, ā, ka huri te transistor DISCH ki te piki i te kāpeti ki raro ki te tīmata i te kaupapa o nānā e mōhiotia ana mai i te tūāpapa mohiotanga.

Ngā Whakamahi Pātea

Ka whakahāngai te monostable i te huarahi māmā ki te whakaroa i te tohu whakaoho, ki te taapiri i te mute tīmatanga, ki te whakanui i te wa poto “pai te mana” ki te mea ka taea e te rārangi hiko te mārama ki Ō. I ngā whakaritenga, he mea he kaitautoko pātea te takaro i waenganui i te pari raru nui e tangohia ana mai i te rārangi hiko teitei ki te rārangi hiko e tumanako ana ki te whakaititia, te wa iti anake.

Ngā mōhituhituhi noa i roto i tēnei rōpū:

• Te whakaroa i te huiha pūtaiao

• Te matapihi mute tīmatanga

• Te whakanui pūhiko mō ngā tohu tūmau poto

• Te whakatutuki ki te “whakaoho” e taea te rongo

He iti noa te whakawhitinga o nga hono miihini; ka pehi, i etahi wa ka peera e nga āhuatanga whakamīharo i runga i te pā. Ka taea e te one-shot te huri i te wera kōrero ki te pāwae kotahi e āta whakahaerehia ana, e whakaatu ana i te whanui e tango ai te hiko hei whakahaere tuhinga. He maha nga hoahoa e whakamahi ana i tēnei whakaaro nāna i tohu he whakahaere kaiuru tika, kāore e ngana ki te kite me te whakatika i ia pāwae pehi kotahi.

Ngā tauira noa i tēnei kāwai:

• Te pehi pātene pāna

• Te horoi i te paewhiri rohe

• Te whakamāramatanga i te taha i mua i ngā kaute, i ngā whakaē

• Te kite pāpāho iti

Mēnā kei te huri te monostable i te wa e mau ana, ka taea te pupuri i te putanga i tetahi āhuatanga i nga wā ka tāpua ngā pāwae i roto i te wā e tērā ana. Ka mutu te awhe pāwae, ka mutu te waipukapuka te hiko, ā, ka huri te putanga i te āhuatanga. He tikanga tino whaihua tēnei mō te "kāore e haere" te kite, ā, ka tino haere tōna aronga ki te karauna i tetahi kaiwhakarato matihiko katoa ki ngā pūnaha kāore e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere microcontroller.

Ngā tauira noa i tēnei kāwai:

• Te tohu hūnga motokā mai i ngā pāwae Hall kāore e kitea

• Te kite i te ngaro o te tohu i runga i ngā hono rorohiko

• Te kite i te pāwae/hua ka waihohia ki ngā whakakotahinga pāhinganga

Ka taea te whakamahi i te monostable hei whakarahiri pāwae, hei whakarite pāwae, hei kaihanga wā onāianei i roto i te rārangi PWM whānui. Ka whakamahia hoki hei hanga he window tirohanga pūmau, he mea tino whaihua ina me tango te putanga rorohiko, te kaiwhakarato rānei i te wā e whakaūria ana te wā. Ko tēnei tikanga paerewa e whakamahia nuitia ana nāna i kitea te hononga wā i ngā whakamātau me ngā whakatikatikā.

Ngā tauira noa i tēnei kāwai:

• Te anga wā onāianei

• Ngā matapō i te rārangi rēhita

• Te whakahaere pāwae hei tiaki i ngā hiko i ngā hauwai ka hiahiatia

• Ngā karaka wā e karapotia ana i ngā kaiwhakarato/ŋā rorohiko

Nā te kāpata wā e hātepe ana ki VCC ā, nā te wa whakataunga he wā i te wā e mōhiotia ana o VCC, ka noho te whanui pāwae hei whakaahua pāreka mō C (nā R i te wā e mōhiotia ana a C). Ehara tēnei i te tikanga tātauhira labo, engari he tino ngāwari mō te whakawāteatanga, te whakatikatika, me ngā tirohanga, ā, mō ngā wā e torohia ana me te tere kia nui ake i te tika iho.

Ngā tauira noa i tēnei kāwai:

• Te tirotiro i ngā kāpata go/no-go

• Te whakarōpūtanga i ngā wāhanga ki ngā poui

• Te kite i ngā kāpata kehua

• Te whakamārama pāngarau me te kāpata e mōhiotia ana

He whakautu te TRIG ki ngā waea roa, ngā hurihanga hiko tere, te bounce whenua, me te haruru pūmanawa, e taea ai te whakararu i te whakakā. Ka taea e ngā hiko whakakapinga i ngā pātea te whakarei i te kākahu me te whakakore. Ka whakaratohia tēnei tiaki i ngā wā o mua ka āwhina i te whakakore i ngā raru whakakā e pā ana ki te mahi noa.

Ngā huarahi whakakapinga noa:

• Te parā para i TRIG

• Te tere RC hiko i te hiko whakakā

• Te whakakā Schmitt-trigger i mua i te TRIG

• Te tapahi pātea me ngā waea whakakā wā poto

Ka tūtohu noa te whanui pāwae e runga ana i R/C te āhua me te ngaro kāpata i te IC tonu. Ka mau te kāpata rēhita i te wā i ngā rau whakahaere he nui ake te oto Māori i ētahi pāpaitanga, ina koa mō ngā whakaroa roa. Mō ngā wā whakaroa, ka taea e ngā hiko ngaro, te pātea ki te PCB, me ngā residuos poke te āwhina ki ngā whakawhitinga paraū hei whakarite i te wā. Ka taea tēnei pānga te huri i te pūhiko wā ā, kāore pea e kitea e pā ana ki te whakahaere te pānga me ngā ara ngaro e tika ana te ine mā te poipoi.

Aronga Astable

I te mahi astable, ka mau tonu te kāpata wā e hātepe ana, e tāpua ana i waenganui i te 1/3 me te 2/3 o VCC. Ka whakarato te paipa tuakiri mō te āhua whakahoki, ā, ka whakatakoto ngā parāpara i te huarahi tāpua. Ko te putanga he whakahanga whakawhitinga e tino māmā ana ki te whakahiato, e māmā ana ki te tuhu, ā, e āhei ana ki te tautoko i ngā rōpū rangatira o te ao.

Ngā whakamahinga noa

• Ngā Kaipupuri LED me ngā tohu waehere

Ko te 555 astable he huarahi tere ki te hanga i te LED whāngai manawa, he tohu hē me te kore whakairohia me te kore āna te wā tatari tuatangata. I ngā wā e whakatikahia ana, ka taea e te kārewa hiko te whakakā atu i te kaiwhakarato matihiko kāore e rangona e pā ana ki te toenga o te hiko e tū ana i roto i te whakahoki, kāore e tatari ana ki te puna karaka.

• Te Whakatairanga Ato me ngā Kaiparaki Tāutanga

Mūnā ki te whiriwhiri i te pānga taua, ka taea e te putanga te hiko mō tētahi hiko iti, i te nuinga e huri ana ki te paipa tuakiri. He pai tēnei mō ngā kāti, ngā pāna e hiahia ana ki te "rerekē ana i pērā" i te pānga tika me te hihiri mai.

• Ngā Puna Karaka me ngā Pāwae mō te Iogiko Matihiko

Ka taea te aronga astable te whakarato i tētahi karaka tuatahi mō ngā kāwana, ngā rēhita kākau, me ngā whakamātautau wā. Kaore e whakataetae ki ngā waea kirikiri mō te pumautanga, engari he nui ake te whai i ngā whakaaturanga, ngā whakaruruhau mahi, me ngā whakamātautau e taea te whakatika ki te koena e te tahuri.

• Nga Mahi Whakahohe I Roto I Nga Whakarere Kōwhiri

He whakaaro whaihua ko te whakanoho i te tawhā pūhikete i roto i te whatunga hātepe kia neke te tere o te putanga ki te rahi o te mea e inehia ana. Ko te NTC thermistor e whakamahia ana hei mīhini hātepe he tauira tino pai: ka huri te nekehanga pāmahana ki te nekehanga tere e taea te tatau, te filter, te whakataurite rānei ki ngā paerewa. Ka mahi ngā momo huarahi penei me ngā LDRs mo te ngāwari, ngā mea pāmahana rīko, me ētahi pūrere kaha, ina koa ka rēhita te pūnaha i tetahi ara ki te ine i te tere, i te wāhī rānei.

Ngā tauira o ngā tawhā pūhikete e whakamahia ana i roto i te whatunga hātepe:

- NTC thermistors (pāmahana)

- LDRs/photoresistors (tautuhinga marama)

- Ngā pūrere pāmahana rīko

- ētahi pūrere kaha/pēhanga pāmahana

Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere

Ko te whakaritenga astable paerewa ka hanga he raru i te wāhanga kiwi. Ko te whakapai noa ko te tāpiri i te diode ka whakamahi ngā ara e whāki ana mō te utu me te awatea rerekē, e āhei ana te whakarite i te wā teitei me te wā iti ki te tino motuhake. Ka pāki te hua e tika ana ka whakahaere i ngā porohita e tū mai ana rerekē ki te wā e kōmaka ana, pērā i ngā kaika pūmau, ngā kuaha tauira, me ngā wāhanga mīhini LED kei reira ka pā mai te marama kaore e kakama ki te ratione taunga.

Ka huri te pin mana-hiko i ngā paerewa roto, e āhei ana te 555 ki te whakahaere i runga i te VCO māmā. Ka tuwhera tēnei i te tatau ki te whakamōhio tere, ngā kaiwhakahaere PWM taputapu rahi, me ngā rautaki rapa, e pā ana ki ngā rorohiko pūmau e āhuru ana i te tere oscillation. I te nuinga o ngā tūmomo hanga, ka tino whakahekehia te oro ki te pā pōkai iti i runga i te pin mana, ka waiho hei whakaritenga mō te mohio mō te mana.

Ka pā te hātepe kikino, te kimi tuku wai, me ngā whakaoho iti e whai nga waves e taura ana ki te tohu pāerewa, ka kitea hei tohu. Ka tino pā tō kapua ceramic iti e whakatōhia ana e pā ana ki ngā pīn tuku e whakatakoto ana ki te rorohiko, ka hua te pā ki te pūreretanga ka kaua e tae mai ina waiho ana.

Mā te Huarahi Kōwhiri

I te whakahaere bistable, ka whanake te 555 pērā i te latches: ko tētahi mahi ka tīpako i te āhua putanga, ā, ka whakakī ngā mahi e huri ana i te āhua. Ka mōhiotia te pūhiko hātepe, kāore i te whakamahia te pin tāpui. Tērā e whakatū i te hātepe ki te pūtau hātepe, ko te kāhua ka tukuna e te hātepe ka whakahaerehia e ngā huringa ki te taumata TRIG, THRESH, me RESET, e te tino ngāwari hei ahua pū.

Ngā Whakamahi Whaihua

• Ngā Pūtā Tīpako me te Nahi Ahuatanga Māmā

Ka taea e te bistable 555 te pupuri i tētahi āhua mō te whakaoho uta, te whiriwhiri āhua, te whakamahinga pū. Ka mātau te whāinga nei i te wā e hiahia ana te whakaritenga ki te "mahara" kāore e whakawhirinaki ki tētahi pā hao me te kāore e whakakotahi i te firmware hei mahara i tētahi kōwae.

• Ngā Interlocks me te Whakahaere Whakawhiti/Ritiro i te Māia

Ka kitea te hātepe whakatika/whakawhiti ki ngā interlocks: ko tētahi huihuinga ka kawe te pūnaha ki tētahi āhua haumaru, ā, ko tētahi huihuinga e whakahoki ana i te whakahaere. Ka whakahoki te tauāki roto i tetahi ara ka taea te huri ki te āhua, ā, ka whakarato te RESET ki te huarahi i reira ka pūmau te pā taumaha.

Ka taea te whakahohe i ngā whakauru e kore e taea te huringa āhua e pā ana ki te ngaro, te tiaki, te rongoā i te huarahi. I ngā kohinga pono, ko ngā rīhita rīko kūtia rānei ko ngā rīhita rīhita ki te TRIG/THRESH/RESET hei pupuri i te latch kia kaua e rōrū ki ngā "pūtā pop-up." Ki te pā te pēhanga pā rīko, ka awhina tonu te māmā kīpanga; ka mau te latch i ngā mea katoa e pā ana ki te kawe, tae atu ki ngā huringa pokekore.

Ka awhina tino ki te whakaaro mo te 555 kāore e mōhiotia hei "wātaka tīpako" engari hei mīhini pātaiao saangat e whakatūria mai i ngā paerewa e rua, te tahi latch, me te pāpā switch. I te wā ka hiahia ki tetahi mahi iti pūmau, he whakamate, he pākiki, he mutunga išo, i runga i te 555 ka taea te tuhinga hei pūtake Rūhata kotahi me te iti o nga whakautu ki te koodī.

Mō ngā whakaritenga e hiahia ana ki te pūmau, te whakarite, te whirihora, te rōpū i te wāhi whakarite, ka whakamahi te 555 pēnā i te tawhā hātepe i runga i te paihikara āhua.

Ngā mahi tuhinga tuatahi e pa ana ki te 555 e fakamāori mai ana:

• Ko te Whakahiato Hātepe

• Ko te Wā Taketake me te Gating

• Ngā Wāhanga Hanganga Kākawa

• Ngā Tūāhua Tiriti Pehea

Nga Paerewa Mahi 555

Pūhiko tuku voltage (VCC)	4.5-16 V
Te noho e pā ana ki te pūhiko mō (VCC = +5 V)	3-6 mA
Te noho e pā ana ki te pūhiko mō (VCC = +15 V)	10-15 mA
Te nui o te pūhiko kua hāngai	200 mA
Te pūhiko hāngai ruarua	600MW
Te iti rawa o te whakamahi i te pūngao	30MW (5V), 225MW (15V)
Te rangi pāmahana	0-70 ° C

555 Timer Derivative ICs

Mfr	Mfr No	Kī
Avago Technologies	Av-555M	-
Rongoā rorohiko kākahu	CSS555/CSS555C	CMOS, Te iti rawa o te pāmahana 1.2V, IDD<5&micro;A
CEMI	ULY7855	-
ECG Philips	ECG955M	-
Exar	XR-555	-
Fairchild Semiconductor	NE555/KA555	-
Harris	HA555	-
IK Semicon	ILC555	CMOS, Te iti rawa o te pāmahana 2V
Intersil Corporation	SE555/NE555	-
Intersil Corporation	ICM7555	CMOS
Lithic Systems	LC555	-
Meixin	ICM7555	CMOS, Te iti rawa o te pāmahana 2V
Motorola	MC1455/MC1555	-
NTE Sylvania	NTE955M	-
RCA	CA555/CA555C	-
STMicroelectronics	NE555N/ K3T647	-
TI（Texas Instruments）	SN52555/SN72555	-
TI（Texas Instruments）	TLC555	CMOS, Te iti rawa o te pāmahana 2V
Zetex	ZSCT1555	Te iti rawa o te pāmahana 0.9V
NXP	ICM7555	CMOS
HFO	B555	-
HITACHI	HA17555	-

Whakakapi

Ko te raupapa 555 kei te noho e whai wāhi ana i te mea e tukuna ana e ia he tikanga taima māmā, e taea te tohu me te iti ngā wāhanga ke wātea. Ko tōna mahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaritenga me te pūnaha kaipōti, te pakaru, te huringa pāmahana, te haruru i te pūnaha, te hanga tauira, te awhe wehi me ngā mahi taketake latches.

Nga Pātai Auau [FAQ]

1. He aha i noho ai te raupapa 555 hei whakamahinga nuitia, ahakoa e taea ana e nga mikaro te whakahaere whakahaere ngā mahi taima me te whai wāhi nui?

Ko te raupapa 555 e tuku ana i tetahi otinga pūnaha māmā mo te hanga hāteihana, huarere, hiriwa, me ngā mahi whakawhiti kāore e hiahiatia he firmware, he hōtaka, he tīmatanga, he tautoko pūmanawa. I ngā tono e hiahia ana ki tetahi mahi taima anake, ko te 555 heki te whakararu te hoahoa me te tuku i te ahua e taea te tohu me te iti rawa o ngā wāhanga waho. Ka pātea a ia ki ngā mahi taima takitahi, ngā pūnaha reko, ngā pūnaha matawhānui, me ngā pūnaha whakahaere māmā kāore e piha toitoi me te awhi e hiahiatia ana.

2. He aha te tika o te taima i te raupapa 555 e kitea ana e te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā wāhanga waho, kaua i te IC anake?

Ko te paemahana o te wāhi kāore he painga, engari ko te wāhi taima he wātea ki te whakamahi he te taima e hāngai ana ki ngā whakapiri rīpene me ngā pūnaha pūhiko i waho. Ko ngā kaupapa pērā i te whakaritenga rīpene, te wawahanga pūhiko, te rongoā āta pātea, te pāmahana pākanga, te pāmahana, ngaronga PCB, me ngā pānga DC-bias ka taea te whakarereke i te wā te RC. I tāpiri, kāore e taea te whakaatu rua ngā whare e whakamahi ana i te IC taima kotahi ka taea te whakaputa i ngā hāteihana rerekē ki te āhua o ō rātou wāhanga waho, te ao, te rātau.

3. He aha ka taea e ngā rīhita taima nui te hanga hapa taima i ngā tono tīmatanga roa?

I te piki ake o ngā uara rīhita, ka piki ake te hāteihana o ngā wāhanga pāmahana. Ka whakamahia te putea, te whakamahi nāna, te puehu, te taurahere PCB, me te whakawhitinga te wāhi ki te pāmahana pūngao. Ka taea e tēnei pānga te noho hei whakatata tae atu ki ngā hāteihana iti, engari ka pātea ana ki ngā tono tīmatanga pātea ki ngā pānga taima ka pātea te kēhanga i te wā pai.

4. He aha te pānga o nga rīhita CMOS 555 ka wātea mai i ngā hoahoa pūngao pūmātau me ngā hoahoa itū?

Ko ngā putanga CMOS pērā i te TLC555 me te 7555 te nuinga e whakamahi ana i te āhua iti e pā ana ki ngā pūngao tākohanga i te wā tū/was. Ka whakahaere kē te hāngai ki ngā pinning o reira ngā pūngao i te wā e pā te rārangi kīrani ki te pā kaupapa e haangai ana i ngā pūṅao kawa kāu. Ko ngā whakamahinga kōrarohia e pātea te wā ki te taraiwa ki te hāngai me te kīhaki me te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha e karmata ana hei whakarūpā te pānga i runga pakiaka pūngao me te hāteihana.

5. He aha ka taea e te paerewa ka whakaputa i ngā taumahatanga pāteke 555?

Ko te whakaurunga trigger he pānui ki ngā huringa pūngao, noho pāhotanga hiko, waireka roa, pānui whenua, me ngā huihuitanga tere. Ka taea e ngā raru pūngao e kore e tautuhia te kaiwhakamahi te mea he iti noa te pūtake hiko e pā ana ki ngā putanga ka taea te riri i ngā wa katoa. Ko te tāpiri i te horahanga, te buffering Schmitt-trigger, te whakatakoto tika ki te whenua, me ngā ara tohu poto ka wātea ake te whakapūmau ma te aukati i te pin trigger mai i te whakarongo ki ngā raru hiko e kore e hiahia ana.

6. He aha te take he pai te whakamahi i te timer monostable 555 hei kite i ngā puoro kāore i te whai, i ngā pūnaha tū?

Ka taea te whakaoho anō i te timer monostable i ngā puoro e haere mai ana. I te mea e haere tonu ana ngā puoro i roto i te wā rite ki te tūranga e hiahia ana, ka mau tonu te putanga. Mēnā ka mutu te rerenga puoro, ka mutu te timer i te mutunga ki te wāhi, ka huri te kāhua. Ko tēnei āhua ka waiho i te hiko hei awhina i te kite i ngā motuka tū, he raru mō te pūrere, kāore i te pā ki ngā tohu kōrero, nāna i pupuhi i ngā puoro karaka i ripene mai me te kore e hiahia ana ki ngā rerekētanga ā-ipurangi uaua, ki ngā pūnaha moni kāhua.

7. He aha te take e tino pai ana te 555 timer hei oscillator māmā i te mōhiti astable?

I te whakahaere astable, ka tukuna te putanga kimi pāra te pūmau ki te whakamahi haumi hiko e tau ana te pūmau i te waemākū e toru ki te wahi e rua o te pūhiko. Ka kitea e ngā kaiwhakarato i roto ngā whakawhiti i ngā pā e whakawhiti ana, ka whakahou anō te kāhua putanga. Ko tēnei huringa pūmau hiko ka hanga i tētahi pānui tau i runga i te toru wāhanga anake, e waiho ana i te 555 hei kotahi i ngā huarahi māmā ki te hanga i ngā ngaru tapatoru, ngā LED e whiti ana, ngā tohu karaka, me ngā tonono oro.

8. He aha te take ka hiahiatia ngā whakatikatika i ngā hiko mahi ki te whakamahi i ngā pūrere tāpiri i ngā pūnaha astable?

Ko te whakaritenga astable paerewa e whakamahi ana i te ara pātea me te waiho i ngā hiko tā i te wāhanga o te huringa, he utu ā-ngā kāhui e tahuri ana kingi. Mā te tāpiri i ngā diode me ngā huarahi rēti rerekē, ka taea te whakahaere i te wā e pāinga ana ki te tuku hiko me te uru hiko. Ka hiahiatia tēnei hei whakarite i te kōkiri i ngā wā o te putanga teitei me te iti, he mea nui i ngā tono pērā i te whakahaere PWM, te ngaru māmā LED, te pūmau hiko, me ngā pūnaha whakaputa puoro.

9. He aha te take ka taea e te 555 timer te mahi hei lāṭe pātea e kore e whakamahi i tētahi kāhua hiko?

Ko te ngaungau o te 555 he SR latch e whakahaerehia ana e ngā kaiwhakarato e rua. I te mōhiti bistable, ka tūnga ngā pānga ā-tuator hei tāpiri me whakahou i te lāṭe me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki te whakawhao i ngā kāhua hiko. Ka whakaturia te kāhua, ka noho tonu hei pātea tae noa ka huri tetahi atu pānga. Ka taea tēnei te 555 te mahi hei āhuatanga kāore e kiia he āhuatanga mahara i roto i ngā tauira, kāore he rerekētanga ā-wires e tino hiahiatia.

10. He aha te take kāore e hiahiatia ki te whakaaro i ngā kaihoahoa i te 555 timer hei pūnaha hangarua māmā, kāore e pērā i te kāhua pūna?

Ahakoa ko te ingoa e pā ana ki te haumi, ko te 555 kei roto i ngā porotehi ā-taurite, ko ngā piki pūngao, he lāṭe, he hiko whakarahi, me te transistor tāhae e taea ai te mahi mō ngā mahi whakaratanga ā-hiko. Ka taea e ia te whakarite i ngā wāhi, te hanga i ngā oscillator, te kite i ngā puoro kāore e whai, te whakatika i ngā hiko, te huri i ngā pūoro, te hanga i ngā āwheke whakatakoto, me te tuku i ngā mahi ngawari mō te whakahaere. Ka maumahara i te taputapu hei miihini tahanga ā-mīharo ka pā mai te whakaora whakaaro rerekē i te tērā e pā ana ki te whakaputa hōu.